Wilderness First Responder (WFR) Exam
2025 Questions and Answers
Patient Assessment Triangle - ANS Scene size up, Life threats (ABCDE), Head-to-toe, VITALS,
SAMPLE history, problem list & plan, interventions / treatment, monitor
Scene Size Up - ANS 1. I'm number one - Survey the scene for hazards
2. What happened to you? - Determine a MOI
3. Don't get any on me - Establish body substance isolation (BSI)
4. Are there any more? - Determine number of patients. Consider resources available, either in
rescue party or immediate party.
5. Determine a general impression of patient -
* Very sick or very hurt
* not sick / not seriously hurt
* Decide ABC or CAB
what does A B C D E stand for? - ANS airway, breathing, circulation, disability, expose
Initial assessment & ABCDE - ANS 1. Identify self and level of training, obtain consent to
treat.
2. Establish responsiveness and spine control: if there is an MOI for spine injury, protect their
spine.
Pg. 1 Copyright © 2025 Jasonmcconell. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
, A 3. Airway management: Look in mouth and clear obstructions. Have patient stick out tongue.
B 4. Breathing adequacy: Take two deep breaths. Does that hurt?
Expose chest injuries.
C 5. Circulation: Asses for pulse and signs of circulation, control life-threatening bleeding.
D 6. Decision about disability: protect or do not protect spine
E 7. Expose: expose and treat life threatening injuries.
Secondary Assessment - ANS Complete physical exam, vital signs, and sample history.
Full Physical exam (head-to-toe examination) - ANS Look for bruising, bleeding, swelling, a
pain response to anything out of the ordinary. Ask about pain or tenderness. Feel for
deformities, unusual hardness or softness, or anything out of the ordinary. Listen for unusual
breathing sounds or grunts and groans from patient. Smell for unusual odors.
1. Head, face, and neck
Carefully remove hats, helmets, sunglasses etc. Run fingers through hair. Examine the face,
pressing on bones. Check eyes (*close for three seconds and then open wide), nose (clear), and
mouth (*have patient open and bite down here). Check in the ears and behind the ears. Feel
along the muscles and bones of the neck. Check for trachea alignment. Check for medical alert
ID tags.
2. Shoulders
Check one shoulder at a time Be sure to include upper scapula, clavicle and upper humerus.
Pg. 2 Copyright © 2025 Jasonmcconell. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
2025 Questions and Answers
Patient Assessment Triangle - ANS Scene size up, Life threats (ABCDE), Head-to-toe, VITALS,
SAMPLE history, problem list & plan, interventions / treatment, monitor
Scene Size Up - ANS 1. I'm number one - Survey the scene for hazards
2. What happened to you? - Determine a MOI
3. Don't get any on me - Establish body substance isolation (BSI)
4. Are there any more? - Determine number of patients. Consider resources available, either in
rescue party or immediate party.
5. Determine a general impression of patient -
* Very sick or very hurt
* not sick / not seriously hurt
* Decide ABC or CAB
what does A B C D E stand for? - ANS airway, breathing, circulation, disability, expose
Initial assessment & ABCDE - ANS 1. Identify self and level of training, obtain consent to
treat.
2. Establish responsiveness and spine control: if there is an MOI for spine injury, protect their
spine.
Pg. 1 Copyright © 2025 Jasonmcconell. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
, A 3. Airway management: Look in mouth and clear obstructions. Have patient stick out tongue.
B 4. Breathing adequacy: Take two deep breaths. Does that hurt?
Expose chest injuries.
C 5. Circulation: Asses for pulse and signs of circulation, control life-threatening bleeding.
D 6. Decision about disability: protect or do not protect spine
E 7. Expose: expose and treat life threatening injuries.
Secondary Assessment - ANS Complete physical exam, vital signs, and sample history.
Full Physical exam (head-to-toe examination) - ANS Look for bruising, bleeding, swelling, a
pain response to anything out of the ordinary. Ask about pain or tenderness. Feel for
deformities, unusual hardness or softness, or anything out of the ordinary. Listen for unusual
breathing sounds or grunts and groans from patient. Smell for unusual odors.
1. Head, face, and neck
Carefully remove hats, helmets, sunglasses etc. Run fingers through hair. Examine the face,
pressing on bones. Check eyes (*close for three seconds and then open wide), nose (clear), and
mouth (*have patient open and bite down here). Check in the ears and behind the ears. Feel
along the muscles and bones of the neck. Check for trachea alignment. Check for medical alert
ID tags.
2. Shoulders
Check one shoulder at a time Be sure to include upper scapula, clavicle and upper humerus.
Pg. 2 Copyright © 2025 Jasonmcconell. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
