N316B Exam 2 2025 Questions and Answers
Two types of stroke
- common intervention - ANS Ischemic - caused by embolus or thrombus (clot) in cerebral
artery which blocks blood flow and oxygen, resulting in cell death
Hemorrhagic - rupture and hemorrhage of cerebral artery (ruptured aneurysm or trauma),
resulting in compression of brain cells which decreases blood flow
Common intervention, must be administered within first 4 hours: Recombinant tissue-type
plasminogen activator (rt-PA) or tPA
What kind of stroke would be indicated when a CT scan identifies bleeding in a specific area of
the brain? - ANS Intracranial hemorrhage (hemorrhagic stroke)
If a patient experiencing an ischemic stroke does not respond to thrombolysis, what is the next
option? - ANS Thrombectomy
Huntington's disease - ANS A human genetic disease caused by a dominant allele;
characterized by uncontrollable body movements and degeneration of the nervous system;
usually fatal 10 to 20 years after the onset of symptoms.
- athetosis
athetosis
- what is it
Pg. 1 Copyright © 2025 Jasonmcconell. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
, - what is it associated with - ANS bizarre, slow, twisting, writhing movement, resembling a
snake or worm
- huntingtons disease
Parkinson's disease
- common treatment - ANS PD is a disorder where there is degeneration of basal ganglia.
There is not enough dopamine and tremors are caused by the acetylcholine without dopamine
to counteract them. Can manifest as stiff/mask-like facial expression, tremors, muscle rigidity,
bradykinesia, loss of postural reflexes, loss of arm swing
- anticholinergic treatment
What neurotransmitter is deficient with this disorder (Parkinson's disease)? - ANS dopamine
What are the side effects of anticholinergic treatment - ANS Confusion, agitation, delirium,
n/v There are some other uncomfortable side effects of the agent.[1] [2] - Dry mouth, blurry
vision, photophobia, constipation, urinary retention
myasthenia gravis - ANS a chronic autoimmune disease that affects the neuromuscular
junction and produces serious weakness of voluntary muscles
- loss of Ach
myasthenia gravis diagnostic tests - ANS Endrophonium (Tensilon) Testing -
acetylcholinesterase inhibitor
-- Improves neuromuscular weakness; allows Ach to remain in synapses longer
➢ Serum Ach receptor antibodies
➢ EMG (electromyography) This is uncomfortable
generalized seizures 4 - ANS Absence
Atonic
Pg. 2 Copyright © 2025 Jasonmcconell. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Two types of stroke
- common intervention - ANS Ischemic - caused by embolus or thrombus (clot) in cerebral
artery which blocks blood flow and oxygen, resulting in cell death
Hemorrhagic - rupture and hemorrhage of cerebral artery (ruptured aneurysm or trauma),
resulting in compression of brain cells which decreases blood flow
Common intervention, must be administered within first 4 hours: Recombinant tissue-type
plasminogen activator (rt-PA) or tPA
What kind of stroke would be indicated when a CT scan identifies bleeding in a specific area of
the brain? - ANS Intracranial hemorrhage (hemorrhagic stroke)
If a patient experiencing an ischemic stroke does not respond to thrombolysis, what is the next
option? - ANS Thrombectomy
Huntington's disease - ANS A human genetic disease caused by a dominant allele;
characterized by uncontrollable body movements and degeneration of the nervous system;
usually fatal 10 to 20 years after the onset of symptoms.
- athetosis
athetosis
- what is it
Pg. 1 Copyright © 2025 Jasonmcconell. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
, - what is it associated with - ANS bizarre, slow, twisting, writhing movement, resembling a
snake or worm
- huntingtons disease
Parkinson's disease
- common treatment - ANS PD is a disorder where there is degeneration of basal ganglia.
There is not enough dopamine and tremors are caused by the acetylcholine without dopamine
to counteract them. Can manifest as stiff/mask-like facial expression, tremors, muscle rigidity,
bradykinesia, loss of postural reflexes, loss of arm swing
- anticholinergic treatment
What neurotransmitter is deficient with this disorder (Parkinson's disease)? - ANS dopamine
What are the side effects of anticholinergic treatment - ANS Confusion, agitation, delirium,
n/v There are some other uncomfortable side effects of the agent.[1] [2] - Dry mouth, blurry
vision, photophobia, constipation, urinary retention
myasthenia gravis - ANS a chronic autoimmune disease that affects the neuromuscular
junction and produces serious weakness of voluntary muscles
- loss of Ach
myasthenia gravis diagnostic tests - ANS Endrophonium (Tensilon) Testing -
acetylcholinesterase inhibitor
-- Improves neuromuscular weakness; allows Ach to remain in synapses longer
➢ Serum Ach receptor antibodies
➢ EMG (electromyography) This is uncomfortable
generalized seizures 4 - ANS Absence
Atonic
Pg. 2 Copyright © 2025 Jasonmcconell. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
