ERTH 310 Final
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_gsw0gb
1. Compare and contrast A)
the Riparian Doctrine Riparian Doctrine:
and the Prior Ap- 1) Property adjacent to rivers/streams, water rights belong to landowners
propriation Doctrine, with this property
and the circumstances 2) Water is tangible property owned same way that land is owned, when
where each one is land adjacent to streams is sold, the water rights are also sold
used to allocate wa- 3) As long as water is returned to the stream before leaving the landowner's
ter rights. Your answer property, they are able to use the water to ensure that downstream users
should include the fol- receive their own water rights.
lowing: 4) Upstream landowners can't infringe on the water rights of the down-
a) A brief description stream landowners
of at least four of
the main characteris- Prior Appropriation Doctrine:
tics that define each 1) Property rights and water rights are separate
doctrine. 2) Water has originated in one place and flows through many different
properties, so water is appropriated (divided) among many different users.
Two types of rights; senior rights and junior rights (allocated later on).
3) "First in time, first in right"
4) "Use it or lose it"
2. b) The region(s) where B)
each doctrine is used, Riparian Doctrine: Used in regions with abundant surface water (sufficient
and a brief explana- rainfall) , because it only works if water is used in "non-consumptive" in-
tion as to why this doc- stream use ways (i.e. not for crop irrigation where water won't be returned
trine is used there. to stream). Riparian Doctrine not used in arid regions without much rainfall
because the majority of water use in those reasons is consumptive.
Prior Appropriation Doctrine: Occurs in regions where water use is off-
stream or consumptive, such as arid regions. The demand for water in
these regions is high, while the supply is low due to lack of sufficient
rainfall. Because of this the water rights are allocated first come first serve
for agriculture and other uses.
, ERTH 310 Final
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_gsw0gb
Comment: Riparian Doctrine Mostly used in the eastern U.S. (-0.25 point)
Prior Appropriations Doctrine Mostly used in the western U.S. (-0.25 point)
Review Week 5 - Lecture 1, Slides 16-21
3. Explain the process of A) Eutrophication is the process of increased nutrients in waterways
eutrophication. Your (through things like agricultural runoff or upwelling) in coastal areas caus-
answer should in- ing algae blooms. These blooms then die and decompose, but use up the
clude: water's oxygen so the water becomes hypoxic (low oxygen).
a) A brief explanation B) Hypoxic environments are deadly to marine organisms, which is why
of the processes that eutrophication sometimes is referred to as a "dead zone". The decom-
cause of eutrophica- position of the microorganisms and algae in the blooms removes the
tion. oxygen necessary for marine life to survive. Without adequate oxygen, the
b) Consequences of organisms (like fish) die, so eutrophication impacts fisheries, tourism, and
eutrophication for even the economy in areas where it occurs.
aquatic ecosystems.
4. Define a) porosity, b) a) Porosity is the volume of pore space as a percentage of the total
permeability, and c) volume of material. High porosity (lots of space in the particles of soil or
hydraulic conductivity. rock) means more space for the groundwater to occupy. Higher porosity
Include a brief expla- means the aquifer will be more productive because there is more available
nation of how each groundwater in the pore space to extract.
affects groundwater
flow in an aquifer. b) Permeability refers to connected fractures, or connected spaces be-
tween soil grains or rock particles. When there is high permeability, there
are more pore spaces or fractures for the groundwater to flow through in
the material. More permeability, the more productive the aquifer will be.
c) Hydraulic conductivity is defined as the rate that water moves through an
aquifer. It is highest (water moves faster) in coarse, well sorted sediments
such as sand-gravel, because these materials have high porosity and
permeability that allow more groundwater to pass through. In materials
that are poorly sorted and coarse and fine, hydraulic conductivity is lower
, ERTH 310 Final
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_gsw0gb
because these materials don't have very high permeability and porosity.
Lastly, hydraulic conductivity is lowest (slowest) in sediments that are fine
and well sorted (i.e. silt-clay), as these materials have very low permeability
that allows the groundwater to move through them, despite having fairly
high porosity. Also depends on properties of the water itself (e.g. surface
tension, viscosity)
5. More than 99% of Saltwater
global water is not eas- Glaciers
ily available for human Groundwater
use because it is: (se-
lect all that apply)
Saltwater
Glaciers
Groundwater
Water in lakes
Water in rivers and
stream
6. Other than ice sheets A) Groundwater
and glaciers, the
largest fraction of
Earth's fresh water is
found as:
A) Groundwater
B) Water vapor in the
atmosphere
C) Lakes
D) Rivers and streams
7. A) Agriculture
, ERTH 310 Final
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Most of the water con-
sumed globally is used
for:
A) Agriculture
B) Industry
C) Domestic water sup-
ply (households)
D) Hydroelectric pow-
er generation
8. Conflicts between dif- C) Different flow levels are needed for different types of instream uses.
ferent instream water
uses often arise be-
cause:
A) Instream uses are
consumptive uses.
B) The same water
cannot be used for
more than one in-
stream use.
C) Different flow levels
are needed for differ-
ent types of instream
uses.
D) Both A and B
E) All of the above
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_gsw0gb
1. Compare and contrast A)
the Riparian Doctrine Riparian Doctrine:
and the Prior Ap- 1) Property adjacent to rivers/streams, water rights belong to landowners
propriation Doctrine, with this property
and the circumstances 2) Water is tangible property owned same way that land is owned, when
where each one is land adjacent to streams is sold, the water rights are also sold
used to allocate wa- 3) As long as water is returned to the stream before leaving the landowner's
ter rights. Your answer property, they are able to use the water to ensure that downstream users
should include the fol- receive their own water rights.
lowing: 4) Upstream landowners can't infringe on the water rights of the down-
a) A brief description stream landowners
of at least four of
the main characteris- Prior Appropriation Doctrine:
tics that define each 1) Property rights and water rights are separate
doctrine. 2) Water has originated in one place and flows through many different
properties, so water is appropriated (divided) among many different users.
Two types of rights; senior rights and junior rights (allocated later on).
3) "First in time, first in right"
4) "Use it or lose it"
2. b) The region(s) where B)
each doctrine is used, Riparian Doctrine: Used in regions with abundant surface water (sufficient
and a brief explana- rainfall) , because it only works if water is used in "non-consumptive" in-
tion as to why this doc- stream use ways (i.e. not for crop irrigation where water won't be returned
trine is used there. to stream). Riparian Doctrine not used in arid regions without much rainfall
because the majority of water use in those reasons is consumptive.
Prior Appropriation Doctrine: Occurs in regions where water use is off-
stream or consumptive, such as arid regions. The demand for water in
these regions is high, while the supply is low due to lack of sufficient
rainfall. Because of this the water rights are allocated first come first serve
for agriculture and other uses.
, ERTH 310 Final
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_gsw0gb
Comment: Riparian Doctrine Mostly used in the eastern U.S. (-0.25 point)
Prior Appropriations Doctrine Mostly used in the western U.S. (-0.25 point)
Review Week 5 - Lecture 1, Slides 16-21
3. Explain the process of A) Eutrophication is the process of increased nutrients in waterways
eutrophication. Your (through things like agricultural runoff or upwelling) in coastal areas caus-
answer should in- ing algae blooms. These blooms then die and decompose, but use up the
clude: water's oxygen so the water becomes hypoxic (low oxygen).
a) A brief explanation B) Hypoxic environments are deadly to marine organisms, which is why
of the processes that eutrophication sometimes is referred to as a "dead zone". The decom-
cause of eutrophica- position of the microorganisms and algae in the blooms removes the
tion. oxygen necessary for marine life to survive. Without adequate oxygen, the
b) Consequences of organisms (like fish) die, so eutrophication impacts fisheries, tourism, and
eutrophication for even the economy in areas where it occurs.
aquatic ecosystems.
4. Define a) porosity, b) a) Porosity is the volume of pore space as a percentage of the total
permeability, and c) volume of material. High porosity (lots of space in the particles of soil or
hydraulic conductivity. rock) means more space for the groundwater to occupy. Higher porosity
Include a brief expla- means the aquifer will be more productive because there is more available
nation of how each groundwater in the pore space to extract.
affects groundwater
flow in an aquifer. b) Permeability refers to connected fractures, or connected spaces be-
tween soil grains or rock particles. When there is high permeability, there
are more pore spaces or fractures for the groundwater to flow through in
the material. More permeability, the more productive the aquifer will be.
c) Hydraulic conductivity is defined as the rate that water moves through an
aquifer. It is highest (water moves faster) in coarse, well sorted sediments
such as sand-gravel, because these materials have high porosity and
permeability that allow more groundwater to pass through. In materials
that are poorly sorted and coarse and fine, hydraulic conductivity is lower
, ERTH 310 Final
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_gsw0gb
because these materials don't have very high permeability and porosity.
Lastly, hydraulic conductivity is lowest (slowest) in sediments that are fine
and well sorted (i.e. silt-clay), as these materials have very low permeability
that allows the groundwater to move through them, despite having fairly
high porosity. Also depends on properties of the water itself (e.g. surface
tension, viscosity)
5. More than 99% of Saltwater
global water is not eas- Glaciers
ily available for human Groundwater
use because it is: (se-
lect all that apply)
Saltwater
Glaciers
Groundwater
Water in lakes
Water in rivers and
stream
6. Other than ice sheets A) Groundwater
and glaciers, the
largest fraction of
Earth's fresh water is
found as:
A) Groundwater
B) Water vapor in the
atmosphere
C) Lakes
D) Rivers and streams
7. A) Agriculture
, ERTH 310 Final
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_gsw0gb
Most of the water con-
sumed globally is used
for:
A) Agriculture
B) Industry
C) Domestic water sup-
ply (households)
D) Hydroelectric pow-
er generation
8. Conflicts between dif- C) Different flow levels are needed for different types of instream uses.
ferent instream water
uses often arise be-
cause:
A) Instream uses are
consumptive uses.
B) The same water
cannot be used for
more than one in-
stream use.
C) Different flow levels
are needed for differ-
ent types of instream
uses.
D) Both A and B
E) All of the above
