7A General Pest Control Exam: 7A General Pest
Control Exam :Updated Solution Guide
/. Integrated Pest Management - Answer-a process that utilizes inspections and periodic
monitoring to determine if any type of treatment is needed to reduce pest populations to
tolerable levels
/.Four Steps in an Integrated Pest Management Program - Answer-1. Inspect the site
for pest problems. || 2. Set pest action thresholds. || 3. Apply pest management
procedures. || 4. Monitor the pest management program (post-treatment)
/.Action Threshold - Answer-the level of pest infestation which requires initiating a
control strategy
/.Pest Exclusion - Answer-best way to manage pests, denying entry into buildings
through sealing gaps, installing proper door thresholds etc. some companies do this
work, while other's leave it up to the client
/.Pest Habitat Manipulation - Answer-a control strategy that denies pests access to
food, water, and shelter, usually through concentrated sanitation efforts. factors could
include temperature and humidity. critical for controlling cockroaches and rodents. take
care of filthy conditions
/.Pest Removal - Answer-most direct method of managing pest populations. involves
lethal trapping (most used) and disposal; live trapping (wildlife and animals) and
removal; and direct removal techniques (such as vacuuming cockroaches)
/.Contact Insecticides and Stomach Poisons - Answer-contact insecticides penetrate
through insect body covering; applied directly to insect or as residue on surface for
insect to crawl through. stomach poisons ingested by insect during feeding or grooming
/.Residual Insecticides and Non-Residual Insecticides - Answer-involves length of time
a pesticide will last. residual insecticides may persist for weeks or longer. non-residual
pesticides break down quickly after treatment
/.Desiccants - Answer-part of inorganic insecticides. disrupt the water balance (such as
rapid water loss) of insects that contact them. low hazard to non-target organisms and
not known to develop resistance
/.Pyrethrins - Answer-part of botanical insecticides, which are plant-derived. pyrethrins
are constituents of pyrethrum. interrupt the normal transmission of an insect's nerve
impulses. used with synergists, provide quick knockdown with little residual activity.
used at low rates as flushing agents during inspection to improve detection of insects
,/.Synthetic Pyrethroids - Answer-part of synthetic organics, which are laboratory-
produced and contain carbon. mimic the action of pyrethrins meaning they interfere with
the transmission of nerve impulses. quick knockdown activity. engineered to be more
stable and persistent.
/.Insect Growth Regulators - Answer-part of synthetic organics, which are laboratory-
produced and contain carbon. chemicals that mimic the juvenile growth hormone and
prevent the immature insect from molting into the adult stage and, in doing so, disrupt
the insect's life cycle by preventing it from reproducing. chitin synthesis inhibitors often
grouped with IGRs so the insects do not molt. very low hazard to non-target animals.
insect-specific
/.Baits - Answer-placement makes them inaccessible to people and pets. offer ease of
placement and are odorless. in order to be effective, target pest must consume bait.
less attractive to pests if unsanitary conditions provide alternate food source
/.Dusts - Answer-provide the longest residual activity of the various insecticide
formulations, provided they are carefully applied to dry areas. provide excellent
coverage within cracks, crevices, and other voids. may be used around electrical
outlets. if applied carelessly, dusts can drift into non-target areas.
/.Granules - Answer-formulated for exterior applications where longevity under wet, hot
conditions is desirable. applied around homes as perimeter (barrier) treatments to
manage occasional invaders such as ants, centipedes, earwigs, etc.
/.Wettable Powders - Answer-easy to store, have only a mild odor, and provide better
residual properties than other formulations on porous surfaces such as wood and
concrete. inhalation hazard when mixing powder with water. must be agitated frequently
to keep them in suspension and leave surface residue when the spray evaporates
/.Emulsifiable Concentrates - Answer-oil-soluble products that contain an emulsifier,
permitting them to mix with water. readily adhere to surfaces they are sprayed on. may
stain or damage treatment site or burn any plant foliage they come in contact with. read
label for this.
/.Suspension Concentrates - Answer-also known as flowables. finely ground solids
suspended in liquid. require less agitation than wettable powders.
/.Microencapsulates - Answer-capsule suspensions intended for further dilution in water.
provide controlled (slow) release and reduce exposure to the insecticide. mild odor,
easy to store. inhalation hazard.
/.Aerosols and Ready-to-Use Products - Answer-already diluted to proper use
concentration by manufacturer. container is typically application device. offer
convenience and safety to applicator
,/.Anticoagulant Rodenticides - Answer-kill rodents by preventing their blood from
coagulating (clotting), causing the animal to bleed internally
/.First and Second Generation Anticoagulants Difference - Answer-first generation
anticoagulants are multiple-dose rodenticides, rodents must consume bait over several
days to ingest enough to cause death. second generation anticoagulants developed
when mouse and rat populations became resistant to first generation. require fewer
feedings for rodents to die compared to first generation
/.Grain Pellet Baits - Answer-inexpensive and easy to apply. easily adjust amount to
apply for light, moderate, or heavy infestations. rodents may carry pellets away from
application site and store in undesirable locations. available in packets, which may be
carried to undesirable locations. if stuffed down rat burrows, common for rats to eject
the packets back to the surface
/.Block Baits - Answer-hold up well in interior and exterior baiting programs. secured
within bait stations to prevent rodents from moving the bait to other locations that might
endanger people, pets or wildlife, thus maximizing safety
/.Cereal Meal Baits - Answer-less likely to be carried off than grain pellet baits, but may
absorb moisture and become moldy. available in packets, which may be carried to
undesirable locations. if stuffed down rat burrows, common for rats to eject the packets
back to the surface
/.Liquid Baits - Answer-attractive to rodents in environments where water is scarce or
absent. anticoagulants formulated as liquid concentrates may be diluted with water at
job site to make liquid baits. because easily spilled, extra caution is necessary to guard
against endangering non-target animals.
/.Tracking Powders - Answer-applied in rodent burrows or on rodent runways where
rodents pick up the toxic powder on feet and bodies as they walk through it. ingest
through daily grooming activities. must contain high concentrations of active ingredient
to be effective. potentially more hazardous than other rodenticide formulations and must
be applied with extra caution
/.Pesticide Resistance Development - Answer-may develop when applicators repeatedly
use the same or similar pesticides. occurs when some individuals in a pest population
are genetically less susceptible to particular pesticide treatment. survive and pass trait
to offspring. repeated use across generations makes it to the point where a once
effective pesticide is no longer useful
/.Management Practices that Reduce Potential for Resistance to Develop in Pest
Population - Answer-1. incorporate non-chemical control methods into the treatment
program || 2. use pesticides only when necessary || 3. apply pesticides according to
label instructions || 4. alternate applications of chemical classes
, /.Space Treatments - Answer-very small particles are released in an enclosed area
(ULV machines and aerosol generators)
/.Bait Guns - Answer-apply various gel and paste baits for cockroach and ant control.
specialized tips helps allow it be to put in cracks and crevices where pests are likely to
come in contact with it.
/.Compressed Air Sprayers - Answer-used to apply liquid pesticides in various sizes and
models, alongside different nozzle tips such as fan pattern (spot and general
treatments) or pin stream (for cracks and crevices). must be pressurized according to
label. many labels recommend pressures of 20 psi or less for cracks and crevices. high
pressures can cause pesticides to drift away from application site. keep in good order to
avoid malfunctions.
/.ULV Machines and Aerosol Generators - Answer-made for applying pesticides as very
small particles in enclosed areas (inside a building), known as space treatments.
commonly used to provide quick knockdown and temporary control of flies and several
stored product pests. in most cases kills only those insects present in the air during time
of treatment. must be used with extreme care.
/.Dust Applicators (Bulb and Powder) - Answer-can be applied into cracks and voids
with hand-held dusters where situations call for small amounts of carefully applied
insecticide or rodenticide tracking powder. never use dusting equipment for more than
one product.
/.Mist Blowers - Answer-commonly used outdoors to control flies and mosquitos
/.Bait Stations - Answer-rodenticide baits enclosed in these to minimize hazards to
people, non-target animals, and pets. have a lock on them usually to keep children and
non-target animals out of them. not considered tamper-resistant unless they are
secured to something. security further enhanced by self-contained bait stations or by
securing bait in stations.
/.Ant Management Practices - Answer-thorough inspection of premises is necessary to
determine nature and extent of infestation. then identify ant. if indoor, place baits where
worker ants are at. should be monitored. key to success is numerous small placements.
if outdoor, liquid baits or granular baits should be used.
/.Pharaoh Ant - Answer-two nodes, 1/16 inch long, reddish gold. nest in warm interiors,
occupy any crevice or structural void. remain active indoors year round, do not swarm.
several hundred thousand works and multiple queens. colonies expand by budding.
/.Odorous House Ant - Answer-dark brown to black, 1/8 inch long, one node hidden by
abdomen. move erratically when disturbed. unpleasant odor when crushed. nest
outdoors beneath soil surface, under stones, etc. over 100,000 individuals. swarming
and budding. environmental conditions causes them to move indoors.
Control Exam :Updated Solution Guide
/. Integrated Pest Management - Answer-a process that utilizes inspections and periodic
monitoring to determine if any type of treatment is needed to reduce pest populations to
tolerable levels
/.Four Steps in an Integrated Pest Management Program - Answer-1. Inspect the site
for pest problems. || 2. Set pest action thresholds. || 3. Apply pest management
procedures. || 4. Monitor the pest management program (post-treatment)
/.Action Threshold - Answer-the level of pest infestation which requires initiating a
control strategy
/.Pest Exclusion - Answer-best way to manage pests, denying entry into buildings
through sealing gaps, installing proper door thresholds etc. some companies do this
work, while other's leave it up to the client
/.Pest Habitat Manipulation - Answer-a control strategy that denies pests access to
food, water, and shelter, usually through concentrated sanitation efforts. factors could
include temperature and humidity. critical for controlling cockroaches and rodents. take
care of filthy conditions
/.Pest Removal - Answer-most direct method of managing pest populations. involves
lethal trapping (most used) and disposal; live trapping (wildlife and animals) and
removal; and direct removal techniques (such as vacuuming cockroaches)
/.Contact Insecticides and Stomach Poisons - Answer-contact insecticides penetrate
through insect body covering; applied directly to insect or as residue on surface for
insect to crawl through. stomach poisons ingested by insect during feeding or grooming
/.Residual Insecticides and Non-Residual Insecticides - Answer-involves length of time
a pesticide will last. residual insecticides may persist for weeks or longer. non-residual
pesticides break down quickly after treatment
/.Desiccants - Answer-part of inorganic insecticides. disrupt the water balance (such as
rapid water loss) of insects that contact them. low hazard to non-target organisms and
not known to develop resistance
/.Pyrethrins - Answer-part of botanical insecticides, which are plant-derived. pyrethrins
are constituents of pyrethrum. interrupt the normal transmission of an insect's nerve
impulses. used with synergists, provide quick knockdown with little residual activity.
used at low rates as flushing agents during inspection to improve detection of insects
,/.Synthetic Pyrethroids - Answer-part of synthetic organics, which are laboratory-
produced and contain carbon. mimic the action of pyrethrins meaning they interfere with
the transmission of nerve impulses. quick knockdown activity. engineered to be more
stable and persistent.
/.Insect Growth Regulators - Answer-part of synthetic organics, which are laboratory-
produced and contain carbon. chemicals that mimic the juvenile growth hormone and
prevent the immature insect from molting into the adult stage and, in doing so, disrupt
the insect's life cycle by preventing it from reproducing. chitin synthesis inhibitors often
grouped with IGRs so the insects do not molt. very low hazard to non-target animals.
insect-specific
/.Baits - Answer-placement makes them inaccessible to people and pets. offer ease of
placement and are odorless. in order to be effective, target pest must consume bait.
less attractive to pests if unsanitary conditions provide alternate food source
/.Dusts - Answer-provide the longest residual activity of the various insecticide
formulations, provided they are carefully applied to dry areas. provide excellent
coverage within cracks, crevices, and other voids. may be used around electrical
outlets. if applied carelessly, dusts can drift into non-target areas.
/.Granules - Answer-formulated for exterior applications where longevity under wet, hot
conditions is desirable. applied around homes as perimeter (barrier) treatments to
manage occasional invaders such as ants, centipedes, earwigs, etc.
/.Wettable Powders - Answer-easy to store, have only a mild odor, and provide better
residual properties than other formulations on porous surfaces such as wood and
concrete. inhalation hazard when mixing powder with water. must be agitated frequently
to keep them in suspension and leave surface residue when the spray evaporates
/.Emulsifiable Concentrates - Answer-oil-soluble products that contain an emulsifier,
permitting them to mix with water. readily adhere to surfaces they are sprayed on. may
stain or damage treatment site or burn any plant foliage they come in contact with. read
label for this.
/.Suspension Concentrates - Answer-also known as flowables. finely ground solids
suspended in liquid. require less agitation than wettable powders.
/.Microencapsulates - Answer-capsule suspensions intended for further dilution in water.
provide controlled (slow) release and reduce exposure to the insecticide. mild odor,
easy to store. inhalation hazard.
/.Aerosols and Ready-to-Use Products - Answer-already diluted to proper use
concentration by manufacturer. container is typically application device. offer
convenience and safety to applicator
,/.Anticoagulant Rodenticides - Answer-kill rodents by preventing their blood from
coagulating (clotting), causing the animal to bleed internally
/.First and Second Generation Anticoagulants Difference - Answer-first generation
anticoagulants are multiple-dose rodenticides, rodents must consume bait over several
days to ingest enough to cause death. second generation anticoagulants developed
when mouse and rat populations became resistant to first generation. require fewer
feedings for rodents to die compared to first generation
/.Grain Pellet Baits - Answer-inexpensive and easy to apply. easily adjust amount to
apply for light, moderate, or heavy infestations. rodents may carry pellets away from
application site and store in undesirable locations. available in packets, which may be
carried to undesirable locations. if stuffed down rat burrows, common for rats to eject
the packets back to the surface
/.Block Baits - Answer-hold up well in interior and exterior baiting programs. secured
within bait stations to prevent rodents from moving the bait to other locations that might
endanger people, pets or wildlife, thus maximizing safety
/.Cereal Meal Baits - Answer-less likely to be carried off than grain pellet baits, but may
absorb moisture and become moldy. available in packets, which may be carried to
undesirable locations. if stuffed down rat burrows, common for rats to eject the packets
back to the surface
/.Liquid Baits - Answer-attractive to rodents in environments where water is scarce or
absent. anticoagulants formulated as liquid concentrates may be diluted with water at
job site to make liquid baits. because easily spilled, extra caution is necessary to guard
against endangering non-target animals.
/.Tracking Powders - Answer-applied in rodent burrows or on rodent runways where
rodents pick up the toxic powder on feet and bodies as they walk through it. ingest
through daily grooming activities. must contain high concentrations of active ingredient
to be effective. potentially more hazardous than other rodenticide formulations and must
be applied with extra caution
/.Pesticide Resistance Development - Answer-may develop when applicators repeatedly
use the same or similar pesticides. occurs when some individuals in a pest population
are genetically less susceptible to particular pesticide treatment. survive and pass trait
to offspring. repeated use across generations makes it to the point where a once
effective pesticide is no longer useful
/.Management Practices that Reduce Potential for Resistance to Develop in Pest
Population - Answer-1. incorporate non-chemical control methods into the treatment
program || 2. use pesticides only when necessary || 3. apply pesticides according to
label instructions || 4. alternate applications of chemical classes
, /.Space Treatments - Answer-very small particles are released in an enclosed area
(ULV machines and aerosol generators)
/.Bait Guns - Answer-apply various gel and paste baits for cockroach and ant control.
specialized tips helps allow it be to put in cracks and crevices where pests are likely to
come in contact with it.
/.Compressed Air Sprayers - Answer-used to apply liquid pesticides in various sizes and
models, alongside different nozzle tips such as fan pattern (spot and general
treatments) or pin stream (for cracks and crevices). must be pressurized according to
label. many labels recommend pressures of 20 psi or less for cracks and crevices. high
pressures can cause pesticides to drift away from application site. keep in good order to
avoid malfunctions.
/.ULV Machines and Aerosol Generators - Answer-made for applying pesticides as very
small particles in enclosed areas (inside a building), known as space treatments.
commonly used to provide quick knockdown and temporary control of flies and several
stored product pests. in most cases kills only those insects present in the air during time
of treatment. must be used with extreme care.
/.Dust Applicators (Bulb and Powder) - Answer-can be applied into cracks and voids
with hand-held dusters where situations call for small amounts of carefully applied
insecticide or rodenticide tracking powder. never use dusting equipment for more than
one product.
/.Mist Blowers - Answer-commonly used outdoors to control flies and mosquitos
/.Bait Stations - Answer-rodenticide baits enclosed in these to minimize hazards to
people, non-target animals, and pets. have a lock on them usually to keep children and
non-target animals out of them. not considered tamper-resistant unless they are
secured to something. security further enhanced by self-contained bait stations or by
securing bait in stations.
/.Ant Management Practices - Answer-thorough inspection of premises is necessary to
determine nature and extent of infestation. then identify ant. if indoor, place baits where
worker ants are at. should be monitored. key to success is numerous small placements.
if outdoor, liquid baits or granular baits should be used.
/.Pharaoh Ant - Answer-two nodes, 1/16 inch long, reddish gold. nest in warm interiors,
occupy any crevice or structural void. remain active indoors year round, do not swarm.
several hundred thousand works and multiple queens. colonies expand by budding.
/.Odorous House Ant - Answer-dark brown to black, 1/8 inch long, one node hidden by
abdomen. move erratically when disturbed. unpleasant odor when crushed. nest
outdoors beneath soil surface, under stones, etc. over 100,000 individuals. swarming
and budding. environmental conditions causes them to move indoors.
