Biology 198 KSU Exam 5 Actual study
set with Questions and correct/verified
Answers
First law of thermodynamics - ANSW-Energy cannot be created nor destroyed
Second law of thermodynamics - ANSW-When energy is transferred from one form to another, some
energy is lost in the form of heat.
Are all forms of energy biologically useful? - ANSW-No
Can living organisms use heat to drive metabolic processes? - ANSW-No
Endergonic Reaction - ANSW-Chemical reactions at that require an input of energy to occur
(Condensation reaction)
Exergonic reaction - ANSW-Chemical reactions that release energy (Hydrolysis reaction)
Diagram of an ATP molecule - ANSW-
Where in the structure of an ATP molecule is the energy stored? - ANSW-Chemical bonds between the
phosphate groups
How is energy released from ATP? - ANSW-When a phosphate group is removed from ATP
Does making ATP require energy? - ANSW-Yes, to form the covalent bonds between the last phosphate
group on ADP and a free phosphate group.
ATP => ADP, is this reaction exergonic or endergonic? - ANSW-Exergonic because it releases energy
ADP => ATP, is this reaction exergonic or endergonic? - ANSW-Endergonic because it requires energy
Oxidation reaction - ANSW-a reactant loses one or more electrons, thus becoming more positive in
charge (Exergonic)
Reduction reaction - ANSW-a reactant gains one or more electrons, thus becoming more negative in
charge (Endergonic)
Process of diffusion - ANSW-particles move from an area of high concentration to an area of low
concentration
Factors that influence diffusion rates - ANSW-1. Extent of the concentration gradient (Bigger difference in
concentrations means higher diffusion rates)
2. Mass of the molecules diffusing
3. Temperature
4. Solvent density
5. Solubility (non polar, lipid soluble move fastest)
, 6. Surface area and thickness of the plasma membrane
7. Distance travelled
Selective Permeability - ANSW-Some molecules can pass through while others cannot
Which molecules can easily pass through the cell membrane? - ANSW-1. Nonpolar molecules
2. Lipid soluble molecules (Vitamins A, D, E, K)
Which molecules cannot easily pass through the plasma membrane? - ANSW-1. Polar molecules
2. Amino acids
3. Simple sugars
facilitated diffusion - ANSW-The movement of molecules across a plasma membrane using a
concentration gradient and a membrane protein.
Does facilitated diffusion require an input of energy? - ANSW-No, the molecules are going towards the
grain
Active transport - ANSW-The use of energy (ATP) and a transport protein to move molecules across a
membrane
How is active transport different from facilitated diffusion? - ANSW-Active transport requires energy and
also allows molecules to go against the grain.
Osmosis - ANSW-Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane
During osmosis, does water move from to areas of higher concentration or lower? - ANSW-Water moves
to areas of higher concentrations
What happens if you surround a cell with a hypotonic solution? - ANSW-The cell will explode because all
the water moves to the area of higher concentration (cell)
What happens if you surround a cell with a hypertonic solution? - ANSW-The cell with shrink because
the water moves to the area of higher concentration (Solution)
Isotonic - ANSW-when the concentration of two solutions is the same
Hypertonic - ANSW-when comparing two solutions, the solution with the GREATER concentration of
solutes
Hypotonic - ANSW-when comparing two solutions, the solution with the LESSER concentration of solutes
Tonicity - ANSW-the ability of a surrounding solution to cause a cell to gain or lose water
Endocytosis - ANSW-process by which a cell takes material into the cell by infolding of the cell membrane
Exocytosis - ANSW-release of substances out a cell by the fusion of a vesicle with the membrane.
How is active transport different from diffusion and osmosis? - ANSW-Active transport requires energy,
while diffusion and osmosis require different concentration levels.
Osmosis is the diffusion of _____ in and out of a cell - ANSW-Water
set with Questions and correct/verified
Answers
First law of thermodynamics - ANSW-Energy cannot be created nor destroyed
Second law of thermodynamics - ANSW-When energy is transferred from one form to another, some
energy is lost in the form of heat.
Are all forms of energy biologically useful? - ANSW-No
Can living organisms use heat to drive metabolic processes? - ANSW-No
Endergonic Reaction - ANSW-Chemical reactions at that require an input of energy to occur
(Condensation reaction)
Exergonic reaction - ANSW-Chemical reactions that release energy (Hydrolysis reaction)
Diagram of an ATP molecule - ANSW-
Where in the structure of an ATP molecule is the energy stored? - ANSW-Chemical bonds between the
phosphate groups
How is energy released from ATP? - ANSW-When a phosphate group is removed from ATP
Does making ATP require energy? - ANSW-Yes, to form the covalent bonds between the last phosphate
group on ADP and a free phosphate group.
ATP => ADP, is this reaction exergonic or endergonic? - ANSW-Exergonic because it releases energy
ADP => ATP, is this reaction exergonic or endergonic? - ANSW-Endergonic because it requires energy
Oxidation reaction - ANSW-a reactant loses one or more electrons, thus becoming more positive in
charge (Exergonic)
Reduction reaction - ANSW-a reactant gains one or more electrons, thus becoming more negative in
charge (Endergonic)
Process of diffusion - ANSW-particles move from an area of high concentration to an area of low
concentration
Factors that influence diffusion rates - ANSW-1. Extent of the concentration gradient (Bigger difference in
concentrations means higher diffusion rates)
2. Mass of the molecules diffusing
3. Temperature
4. Solvent density
5. Solubility (non polar, lipid soluble move fastest)
, 6. Surface area and thickness of the plasma membrane
7. Distance travelled
Selective Permeability - ANSW-Some molecules can pass through while others cannot
Which molecules can easily pass through the cell membrane? - ANSW-1. Nonpolar molecules
2. Lipid soluble molecules (Vitamins A, D, E, K)
Which molecules cannot easily pass through the plasma membrane? - ANSW-1. Polar molecules
2. Amino acids
3. Simple sugars
facilitated diffusion - ANSW-The movement of molecules across a plasma membrane using a
concentration gradient and a membrane protein.
Does facilitated diffusion require an input of energy? - ANSW-No, the molecules are going towards the
grain
Active transport - ANSW-The use of energy (ATP) and a transport protein to move molecules across a
membrane
How is active transport different from facilitated diffusion? - ANSW-Active transport requires energy and
also allows molecules to go against the grain.
Osmosis - ANSW-Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane
During osmosis, does water move from to areas of higher concentration or lower? - ANSW-Water moves
to areas of higher concentrations
What happens if you surround a cell with a hypotonic solution? - ANSW-The cell will explode because all
the water moves to the area of higher concentration (cell)
What happens if you surround a cell with a hypertonic solution? - ANSW-The cell with shrink because
the water moves to the area of higher concentration (Solution)
Isotonic - ANSW-when the concentration of two solutions is the same
Hypertonic - ANSW-when comparing two solutions, the solution with the GREATER concentration of
solutes
Hypotonic - ANSW-when comparing two solutions, the solution with the LESSER concentration of solutes
Tonicity - ANSW-the ability of a surrounding solution to cause a cell to gain or lose water
Endocytosis - ANSW-process by which a cell takes material into the cell by infolding of the cell membrane
Exocytosis - ANSW-release of substances out a cell by the fusion of a vesicle with the membrane.
How is active transport different from diffusion and osmosis? - ANSW-Active transport requires energy,
while diffusion and osmosis require different concentration levels.
Osmosis is the diffusion of _____ in and out of a cell - ANSW-Water
