pharmacology in nursing Exam questions and answers fully solved

pharmacology for nurses Exam questions and answers fully solved Pharmacology - Answersthe study of drugs and their interactions with living systems therapeutic methods - Answersapproaches used to treat diseases; combination often used, such drugs, diet, P.T. etc. Drugs - Answerschemicals that are introduced into the body to bring about some sort of change chemical name - AnswersDescribes the drug's chemical composition and molecular structure generic name - Answersname assigned by the manufacturer who first develops a drug; it is often derived from the chemical name brand-name drug - Answersa drug with a registered name or trademark given to a drug by a pharmaceutical company over the counter drugs - AnswersDrugs available to consumers without a prescription. Also called nonprescription drugs illegal drugs - AnswersA chemical substance that people of any age may not lawfully manufacture, possess, buy, or sell Schedule I drugs - AnswersThis type of drug has no accepted medical use in the United States. Schedule II drugs - Answers- Drugs have high potential for abuse - Drugs have currently accepted medical uses, although there may be serious restrictions Schedule III drugs - Answers- has potential for abuse, but to a lesser degree than schedules I + II - drug has an accepted medical treatment - abuse of drug may lead to moderate or low physical dependency or high psychological dependence Schedule IV drugs - Answersminor tranquilizers & drugs that have a lesser abuse Schedule V drugs - AnswersThese drugs have less potential for abuse than schedule II, III, and IV drugs. black box warning - AnswersA type of warning that appears in a drug's prescribing information and is required by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to alert prescribers of serious adverse events that have occurred with the given drug. Orphan drugs - AnswersA special category of drugs that have been identified to help treat patients with rare diseases. Food and Drugs Act and Regulations - Answersempower Health Canada to protect the public from foreseeable risks related to the manufacture and sale of drugs, cosmetics, food, and therapeutic devices. Controlled Drugs and Substances Act - AnswersFederal legislation addressing Canada's drug laws, including a classification system for drugs. Nonperscription drugs - Answersover the counter drugs like advil Receptors - AnswersSpecial structures that allow living organisms to sense the conditions of their internal or external environment. Pharmacokinetics - AnswersThe process by which drugs are absorbed, distributed within the body, metabolized, and excreted. Agonists - AnswersDrugs that attach to a receptor but do not stimulate a response are Antagonists (drugs) - AnswersThese drugs block the actions of neurotransmitters partial agonists - AnswersMedications to treat substance-related disorders that may act as an agonist or antagonist depending on how much of a certain neurotransmitter is produced. Enteral - Answersreferring to a route of medication administration that uses the gastrointestinal tract, such as swallowing a pill Parenteral - Answersoutside of intestines or alimentary canal; popularly used to refer to injection routes percutaneous - Answerspertaining to through the skin Pharmodynamics - AnswersThe process by which a medication works on the body. Absorption - AnswersThe process by which nutrient molecules pass through the wall of the digestive system into the blood Distribution - Answersthe ways in which drugs are transported throughout the body by the circulating body fluids to the sites of action or to the receptors that the drug affects. drug blood level - AnswersAmount of a drug circulating in the bloodstream; also known as the reference value in laboratory reports Metabolism - AnswersAll of the chemical reactions that occur within an organism Excretion - AnswersProcess by which metabolic wastes are eliminated from the body half-life - AnswersThe time required for one half of the atoms of a radioisotope to emit radiation an decay products radioisotope - AnswersAn isotope that has an unstable nucleus and undergoes radioactive decay liberation - Answersreleased from the dosage form and dissolved in body fluids before it can be absorbed into body tissues. desired action - Answersthe expected response of a medication side effects - AnswersAny effects of a medication other than the desired ones. Adverse effects - AnswersA general term for any undesirable effects that are a direct response to one or more drugs. allergic reaction - AnswersThe body's exaggerated immune response to an internal or surface agent. idiosyncratic reaction - AnswersAn abnormal and unexpected response to a medication, other than an allergic reaction, that is peculiar to an individual patient. Onset of action - AnswersThe time required for a drug to elicit a therapeutic response after dosing. peak action - Answersthe point in time after administration when a drug exerts its maximal therapeutic effect Toxicity - AnswersThe condition of producing adverse bodily effects due to poisonous qualities. drug concentration - AnswersCertain drug levels are associated with therapeutic responses, & others with toxic effects additive effect - Answerstwo drugs with similar actions are taken for an increased effect synergistic effect - Answersin pharmacology, an increase of effects that occurs when more than one substance is acting on the body at the same time antagonistic effect - Answersone drug interferes with the action of another Displacement - Answersfirst drug from protein-binding sites (i.e., bound drugs are inactive) by a second drug increases the activity of the first drug because more unbound drug is available Interference - AnswersThe first drug inhibits the metabolism or excretion of the second drug, thereby causing increased activity of the second drug incompatibility - AnswersThe first drug is chemically incompatible with the second drug, thereby causing deterioration when the drugs are mixed in the same syringe or solution or are administered together at the same site; signs include haziness, formation of a precipitate, or a change in the color of the solution when the drugs are mixed Drug interactions - Answersthe effects that may occur when the drug is given along w