Module 5 Psych 140 Portage Learning
physical changes during middle childhood
grow 2-3" per year, gain 5-7 lbs per year, baby fat decreases/muscle mass increases
cephalocaudal pattern growth in middle childhood
head circumference is now becoming more in proportion with today body height
proximodistal pattern grown in middle childhood
has now progressed from trunk to the limbs, and fine motor skills are learned
Causes of childhood obesity
genetics, socioeconomic status, less physical activity
The recommended treatment for childhood obesity is:
behavioral
attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
a disorder marked by an ongoing pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity
that interferes with functioning or development
inattention
easily distracted, forgetfulness, disorganization
hyperactivity-impulsivity
Impulsivity - making hasty actions without first thinking about them, a desire for
immediate rewards, inability to delay gratification
Hyperactivity - seems to move about constantly, including in situations in which it is not
appropriate, excessively fidgets, taps, or talks
How is ADHD treated?
A combination of medication and behavioral therapy
How is ADHD diagnosed?
Symptoms must be chronic or long-lasting, impair the person's functioning, and cause
the person to fall behind typical development for his or her age.
concrete operational stage
in Piaget's theory, the stage of cognitive development (from about 6 or 7 to 11 years of
age) during which children gain the mental operations that enable them to think logically
about concrete events (not yet abstract thought)
Seriation
Arranging objects in sequential order according to one aspect, such as size, weight, or
volume.
How does one's cultural and educational experiences influence their cognitive
development?
, One's culture influences what and when you are learning specific things. (ie. Scientific
reasoning)
"popular" children
Children who tend to be well-liked by their peers and are often socially skilled. These
skills often continue into adulthood. (2 types: antisocial popular & prosocial popular)
antisocial popular
children who defy authority and who enhance their popularity by manipulation and
exclusion; the mean kids
prosocial popular
children who perform well in schools and communicate with their peers in a positive,
friendly way; the nice kids
(60% of children)
rejected children
children who are actively disliked and some may engage in behaviors that encourage
this dislike / at risk for a variety of problems in the future, such as drug use, aggression,
and delinquency.
neglected children
rarely receive positive or negative votes, largely ignored by their peers but they may in
fact be socially skilled. They seem to have similar outcomes as average children.
consequences of divorce
drop in income, increase in family conflict, changes in parenting styles
How does a child's response to divorce vary according to age and gender?
Younger children may blame themselves for the divorce or act immaturely, while older
children may act out in different ways, either through externalizing problems (rebellion,
school problems, etc.) or internalizing problems (depression, anxiety, etc.).
Girls are particularly likely to act out when a parent remarries, while boys are at risk for
externalizing problems if they are raised in a mother-headed household.
factors that influence how a child responds to divorce:
- child's age & temperament
- child's gender (girls internalize, boys act out)
- recent research: how the father handles the divorce
Lawrence Kolberg
stages of moral development, "The Heinz Dilemna"
Kolberg's stages of moral development
preconventional, conventional, postconventional
preconventional morality
first level of Kohlberg's stages of moral development in which the child's behavior is
governed by the consequences of the behavior (obey rules to avoid punishment or gain
concrete rewards)
physical changes during middle childhood
grow 2-3" per year, gain 5-7 lbs per year, baby fat decreases/muscle mass increases
cephalocaudal pattern growth in middle childhood
head circumference is now becoming more in proportion with today body height
proximodistal pattern grown in middle childhood
has now progressed from trunk to the limbs, and fine motor skills are learned
Causes of childhood obesity
genetics, socioeconomic status, less physical activity
The recommended treatment for childhood obesity is:
behavioral
attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
a disorder marked by an ongoing pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity
that interferes with functioning or development
inattention
easily distracted, forgetfulness, disorganization
hyperactivity-impulsivity
Impulsivity - making hasty actions without first thinking about them, a desire for
immediate rewards, inability to delay gratification
Hyperactivity - seems to move about constantly, including in situations in which it is not
appropriate, excessively fidgets, taps, or talks
How is ADHD treated?
A combination of medication and behavioral therapy
How is ADHD diagnosed?
Symptoms must be chronic or long-lasting, impair the person's functioning, and cause
the person to fall behind typical development for his or her age.
concrete operational stage
in Piaget's theory, the stage of cognitive development (from about 6 or 7 to 11 years of
age) during which children gain the mental operations that enable them to think logically
about concrete events (not yet abstract thought)
Seriation
Arranging objects in sequential order according to one aspect, such as size, weight, or
volume.
How does one's cultural and educational experiences influence their cognitive
development?
, One's culture influences what and when you are learning specific things. (ie. Scientific
reasoning)
"popular" children
Children who tend to be well-liked by their peers and are often socially skilled. These
skills often continue into adulthood. (2 types: antisocial popular & prosocial popular)
antisocial popular
children who defy authority and who enhance their popularity by manipulation and
exclusion; the mean kids
prosocial popular
children who perform well in schools and communicate with their peers in a positive,
friendly way; the nice kids
(60% of children)
rejected children
children who are actively disliked and some may engage in behaviors that encourage
this dislike / at risk for a variety of problems in the future, such as drug use, aggression,
and delinquency.
neglected children
rarely receive positive or negative votes, largely ignored by their peers but they may in
fact be socially skilled. They seem to have similar outcomes as average children.
consequences of divorce
drop in income, increase in family conflict, changes in parenting styles
How does a child's response to divorce vary according to age and gender?
Younger children may blame themselves for the divorce or act immaturely, while older
children may act out in different ways, either through externalizing problems (rebellion,
school problems, etc.) or internalizing problems (depression, anxiety, etc.).
Girls are particularly likely to act out when a parent remarries, while boys are at risk for
externalizing problems if they are raised in a mother-headed household.
factors that influence how a child responds to divorce:
- child's age & temperament
- child's gender (girls internalize, boys act out)
- recent research: how the father handles the divorce
Lawrence Kolberg
stages of moral development, "The Heinz Dilemna"
Kolberg's stages of moral development
preconventional, conventional, postconventional
preconventional morality
first level of Kohlberg's stages of moral development in which the child's behavior is
governed by the consequences of the behavior (obey rules to avoid punishment or gain
concrete rewards)
