What happens in liver dysfunction?
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o Liver dysfunction causes jaundice: metabolic rate affected
o Renal dysfunction (kidney failure): decreased drug metabolism and
excretion
,Pregnancy safety med classes
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A: no risk for human
B: no risk to animal babies, human info isn't available
C: Adverse reactions to animals, human info isn't available
D:Possible fetal risk is humans have been reported, but consider benefits if
its worth it
X: fetal abnormailites are reported!! Don't use if pregnant
o Drug Bioavailability: determinants
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route/form of drug; blood flow; liver/kidney function; acid-base
environment; presence of food, resident bacteria, motility in GI tract;
presence of pain/stress; other drugs
Half-life of drug:
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Time required for ½ of the drug concentration to be eliminated from body -
Prolonged in liver/kidney dysfunction which affects dosing
,What should a nurse do once a med error has been made?
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immediately report the incident and fill out and incident report
first, make sure patient is stable
if possible, have other nurse tend to the patient while nurse that made error
reports the error
document medication error
Justice
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Fairness; equality
Includes distribution of resources
Ex: Ensuring fairness in distributing resources for the care of paitents and
determining when to treat
How does the nurse evaluate the effectiveness of a drug?
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, The clinical response of the patient to the treatment must be evaluated,
nurse must be familiar with both the drugs intended therapeutic action
(beneficial effects) and its unintended possible adverse affects (predictable
adverse drug reactions)..
observe for therapeutic effect of reduced BP following admisinistration of
antihypersensitive drugs and observe for the toxic effects of leukopenia
after administering a chemotherapy drug...
also perform a pain assessment after giving pain meds. Know drugs toxic
effects and knowing about the organ responsible for metabolizing a drug
and eliminating it
When are certain routes preferred over others?
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Oral- usually easier, more convenient and less expensive, safer than
injection, dosing is reversible if there are accidental ingestions
Parental-IV: rapid onset to bloodstream, more direct control of drug level
in blood, larger fluid volume so it dilutes irrigating drugs, and avoids first
pass mechanism.
IM/SUBCUT: good for poorly soluble drugs, and they are given in depot
preparation form and are then absorbed over a prolonged period
What should a medication history include?
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o Liver dysfunction causes jaundice: metabolic rate affected
o Renal dysfunction (kidney failure): decreased drug metabolism and
excretion
,Pregnancy safety med classes
Give this one a try later!
A: no risk for human
B: no risk to animal babies, human info isn't available
C: Adverse reactions to animals, human info isn't available
D:Possible fetal risk is humans have been reported, but consider benefits if
its worth it
X: fetal abnormailites are reported!! Don't use if pregnant
o Drug Bioavailability: determinants
Give this one a try later!
route/form of drug; blood flow; liver/kidney function; acid-base
environment; presence of food, resident bacteria, motility in GI tract;
presence of pain/stress; other drugs
Half-life of drug:
Give this one a try later!
Time required for ½ of the drug concentration to be eliminated from body -
Prolonged in liver/kidney dysfunction which affects dosing
,What should a nurse do once a med error has been made?
Give this one a try later!
immediately report the incident and fill out and incident report
first, make sure patient is stable
if possible, have other nurse tend to the patient while nurse that made error
reports the error
document medication error
Justice
Give this one a try later!
Fairness; equality
Includes distribution of resources
Ex: Ensuring fairness in distributing resources for the care of paitents and
determining when to treat
How does the nurse evaluate the effectiveness of a drug?
Give this one a try later!
, The clinical response of the patient to the treatment must be evaluated,
nurse must be familiar with both the drugs intended therapeutic action
(beneficial effects) and its unintended possible adverse affects (predictable
adverse drug reactions)..
observe for therapeutic effect of reduced BP following admisinistration of
antihypersensitive drugs and observe for the toxic effects of leukopenia
after administering a chemotherapy drug...
also perform a pain assessment after giving pain meds. Know drugs toxic
effects and knowing about the organ responsible for metabolizing a drug
and eliminating it
When are certain routes preferred over others?
Give this one a try later!
Oral- usually easier, more convenient and less expensive, safer than
injection, dosing is reversible if there are accidental ingestions
Parental-IV: rapid onset to bloodstream, more direct control of drug level
in blood, larger fluid volume so it dilutes irrigating drugs, and avoids first
pass mechanism.
IM/SUBCUT: good for poorly soluble drugs, and they are given in depot
preparation form and are then absorbed over a prolonged period
What should a medication history include?
Give this one a try later!
