nurs601(100% Everfree answers)
what much water is in an adults body correct answers60%
no water in the body means correct answershypertonic; dehydration from loss of water alone
without a corresponding loss of sodium
Symptoms of hypertension correct answers•Profuse sweating, hyperventilation, DKA, fevers,
diarrhea, renal failure, diabetes insipidus.
no salt in the body means correct answershypotonic - losing electrolytes
Symptoms of hypertension correct answers•Water intoxication, chronic illness, malnutrition,
renal failure
no water or salt in body correct answersisotonic - losing both water and electrolytes
isotonic symptoms correct answers•Typical dehydration
•Losing both water and electrolytes e.g. hemorrhage, D&V
Fluid Volume Deficit signs and symptoms correct answers•Low BP, high HR
•Dry mouth, thirst
•Rapid weight loss
•Low urine output
•Confusion, lethargy
•Low grade fever
nursing interventions for fluid volume deficit correct answers•Fluids (oral if alert)
•IV - normal saline (no potassium until urine output is increased)
•Daily weight, strict vital signs
•May need antidiarrheals, antiemetics, abx, antipyretics
•Hypervolemia correct answersToo much IV fluid, kidney failure, corticosteroids
Water intoxication correct answers•CHF, ADH problems, IV fluids, psych problems, wound
irrigation
Too much sodium intake correct answers•Too much salt, 3% saline IV, too much NaHCO3
Fluid Volume Excess Signs & Symptoms correct answers•Rapid weight gain
•Edema
•High BP, bounding pulses
•May have more urine output
•JVD, crackles, dyspnea
•Decreased LOC
Fluid Volume Excess signs and symptoms. correct answers•Diuretics
, •Fluid restriction (no IV fluids)
•Sodium restriction
•Daily weights, strict I/O's
Electrolytes are Regulated by: correct answers•normal organ and gland function
•intake, output
•acid-base balance
•hormones
cell integrity
Organs and Glands associated with fluid and electrolyte balance correct answers•Kidneys -
water, electrolytes; K+, Na+, Urea and H+ ions
•GI Tract - absorbs fluids and electrolytesLungs and liver - water and sodium balance
•Sweat glands - excrete Na+, K+, Cl-, water
•Heart - excretes sodium via release of atrial natriuretic peptide
•Lungs and liver
Electrolytes sodim correct answers•Major extracellular electrolyte
•Controls and regulate water balance
•Where sodium goes water follows
OR water follows sodium
Electrolytes: Potassium correct answers•Major intracellular electrolyte
•Helps maintain intracellular water balance
•Transmit nerve impulses to muscles and contract skeletal and smooth muscles (eg: cardiac)
Sodium Imbalance correct answersHYPERNATRAEMIA
causes of hypernatremia correct answers•Excess Na+ intake
•Inadequate H2O intake
•Excess water loss
•Results in fluid shift from ICF to ECF (water follows sodium
Eating too much Na/water loss/kidney failure - cells shrink
signs and symptoms hypernatremia correct answersFluid Retention, Oedema,
FRIED (fever low grade flushed skin, restless, increase fluid retention and bp, Edelman
peripheral and pitting, decreased urine output and dry mouth)
- Treat the cause, diuretics, sodium restriction, seizure precaution, dialysis
Hyponatremia: correct answersnot enough salt increase secretion/ dilution- cells swell
Hyponatremia symptoms correct answerslethargy, headache, confusion, apprehension, seizures,
coma, ado cramps
Hypokalaemia: correct answersKidney failure, ingesting too much K+, acidosis
what much water is in an adults body correct answers60%
no water in the body means correct answershypertonic; dehydration from loss of water alone
without a corresponding loss of sodium
Symptoms of hypertension correct answers•Profuse sweating, hyperventilation, DKA, fevers,
diarrhea, renal failure, diabetes insipidus.
no salt in the body means correct answershypotonic - losing electrolytes
Symptoms of hypertension correct answers•Water intoxication, chronic illness, malnutrition,
renal failure
no water or salt in body correct answersisotonic - losing both water and electrolytes
isotonic symptoms correct answers•Typical dehydration
•Losing both water and electrolytes e.g. hemorrhage, D&V
Fluid Volume Deficit signs and symptoms correct answers•Low BP, high HR
•Dry mouth, thirst
•Rapid weight loss
•Low urine output
•Confusion, lethargy
•Low grade fever
nursing interventions for fluid volume deficit correct answers•Fluids (oral if alert)
•IV - normal saline (no potassium until urine output is increased)
•Daily weight, strict vital signs
•May need antidiarrheals, antiemetics, abx, antipyretics
•Hypervolemia correct answersToo much IV fluid, kidney failure, corticosteroids
Water intoxication correct answers•CHF, ADH problems, IV fluids, psych problems, wound
irrigation
Too much sodium intake correct answers•Too much salt, 3% saline IV, too much NaHCO3
Fluid Volume Excess Signs & Symptoms correct answers•Rapid weight gain
•Edema
•High BP, bounding pulses
•May have more urine output
•JVD, crackles, dyspnea
•Decreased LOC
Fluid Volume Excess signs and symptoms. correct answers•Diuretics
, •Fluid restriction (no IV fluids)
•Sodium restriction
•Daily weights, strict I/O's
Electrolytes are Regulated by: correct answers•normal organ and gland function
•intake, output
•acid-base balance
•hormones
cell integrity
Organs and Glands associated with fluid and electrolyte balance correct answers•Kidneys -
water, electrolytes; K+, Na+, Urea and H+ ions
•GI Tract - absorbs fluids and electrolytesLungs and liver - water and sodium balance
•Sweat glands - excrete Na+, K+, Cl-, water
•Heart - excretes sodium via release of atrial natriuretic peptide
•Lungs and liver
Electrolytes sodim correct answers•Major extracellular electrolyte
•Controls and regulate water balance
•Where sodium goes water follows
OR water follows sodium
Electrolytes: Potassium correct answers•Major intracellular electrolyte
•Helps maintain intracellular water balance
•Transmit nerve impulses to muscles and contract skeletal and smooth muscles (eg: cardiac)
Sodium Imbalance correct answersHYPERNATRAEMIA
causes of hypernatremia correct answers•Excess Na+ intake
•Inadequate H2O intake
•Excess water loss
•Results in fluid shift from ICF to ECF (water follows sodium
Eating too much Na/water loss/kidney failure - cells shrink
signs and symptoms hypernatremia correct answersFluid Retention, Oedema,
FRIED (fever low grade flushed skin, restless, increase fluid retention and bp, Edelman
peripheral and pitting, decreased urine output and dry mouth)
- Treat the cause, diuretics, sodium restriction, seizure precaution, dialysis
Hyponatremia: correct answersnot enough salt increase secretion/ dilution- cells swell
Hyponatremia symptoms correct answerslethargy, headache, confusion, apprehension, seizures,
coma, ado cramps
Hypokalaemia: correct answersKidney failure, ingesting too much K+, acidosis
