Which statement is true regarding renal
blood flow? No autoregulation is found in
renal blood flow.
The kidneys receive 50% of cardiac output.
The kidneys receive 1000-1200 mL of blood
per minute.
The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is not related to renal blood flow.
- correct answers - The kidneys receive almost a quarter of cardiac
output.
A patient with untreated strep throat is more likely to have with kidneys
- correct answers - Nephritic syndrome is caused by an antibody/antigen
reaction seen after group a-beta hemolytic strep. Antistreptolysin is
produced in the antibody/antigen reaction. You can use the HAD STREP
mnemonic to help you remember:
H = hypertension
A = +ASO (antistreptolysin O)
D = decreased GFR (glomerular
filtration rate) STREP = Streptococcus
Briefly explain why edema occurs with nephritic syndrome. - correct
answers - Inflammation in the nephron causes increased permeability
in the nephron.
Describe the pathology of nephrotic syndrome.
Submit and Compare, displayed below - correct answers - Nephrotic
syndrome is caused by damage to the filtering system in the kidney.
Massive amounts of protein are lost in the urine which depletes the blood
of albumin. The patient often presents with frothy urine and anasarca (not
hematuria).
Explain why patients with nephrotic syndrome are at high risk for infection.
-
correct answers - Nephrotic syndrome is an idiopathic condition often
treated with corticosteroids and/or immunosuppressants. Massive swelling
puts skin at risk for breakdown because the skin becomes friable and fluid
filled
What is the two-word technical term for kidney stones? - correct
GRADED
answers
A+
- Renal calculi is the technical term for kidney stones.
Describe what caused the pain that sent this patient to the emergency
department. with renal calculi - correct answers - At least one of the
renal calculi was obstructing the ureter because it was too large to
move easily through the ureter.
, List the adverse effects that could arise if a renal calculus completely
blocks a ureter, and briefly explain why. - correct answers - Hydroureter
and hydronephrosis could occur because the kidney continues to produce
urine even if the ureter is blocked. The blockage would cause urine to
accumulate, dilating the ureter first, and then the renal pelvis. This leads
to a buildup of waste products in the body and can lead to kidney injury.
Explain why it is important for the patient to learn to increase her fluid
intake to 8-10 glasses of fluid per day. with renal calculi - correct
answers - Drinking 8-10 glasses of fluid per day will keep her urine dilute,
which will help keep renal calculi from forming and will help move stones
along the passageway to excretion should they recur.
Produced in the mouth and breaks down starch - correct answers -
Amylase Produced in the stomach and breaks down protiens - correct
answers - pepsin Produced by the pancreas and breaks down
triglycerides - correct answers - lipase
Describe how you would educate a hospice patient concerning
anticipated 24-hour output of his or her biliary drainage tube.
Submit and Compare, displayed below - correct answers - It is typical to
expect 700- 1200 cc of biliary output in a 24-hour period, though each
patient is an individual and a hospice patient may have a personal norm
that is different from the standard health individual. Biliary drainage tube
output can be used to calculate fluid lost for hydration purposes.
Are the patient's symptoms of dysphagia, dyspepsia, and regurgitation
specific to GERD? Why or why not? - correct answers - Dysphagia,
dyspepsia, and regurgitation are not specific to GERD. They can occur in
achalasia, GERD, hiatal hernia, and other disorders. Achalasia is not as
common as H-pylori infection, which also causes GERD symptoms. H-pylori
infection should be ruled out for patients presenting with these three
symptoms.
describe the danger of untreated GERD. - correct answers - Repeated
irritation of the distal esophagus by gastric acid can cause the
dysplastic changes of Barrett esophagus, which is an important risk
factor for esophageal cancer.
A patient has localized and has intense abdominal pain that lateralizes.
In order to move forward with your assessment, you consider the
types of pain.
Which type of pain is this patient most likely
experiencing? Referred
GRADED
Parietal
A+
Phanto
m
blood flow? No autoregulation is found in
renal blood flow.
The kidneys receive 50% of cardiac output.
The kidneys receive 1000-1200 mL of blood
per minute.
The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is not related to renal blood flow.
- correct answers - The kidneys receive almost a quarter of cardiac
output.
A patient with untreated strep throat is more likely to have with kidneys
- correct answers - Nephritic syndrome is caused by an antibody/antigen
reaction seen after group a-beta hemolytic strep. Antistreptolysin is
produced in the antibody/antigen reaction. You can use the HAD STREP
mnemonic to help you remember:
H = hypertension
A = +ASO (antistreptolysin O)
D = decreased GFR (glomerular
filtration rate) STREP = Streptococcus
Briefly explain why edema occurs with nephritic syndrome. - correct
answers - Inflammation in the nephron causes increased permeability
in the nephron.
Describe the pathology of nephrotic syndrome.
Submit and Compare, displayed below - correct answers - Nephrotic
syndrome is caused by damage to the filtering system in the kidney.
Massive amounts of protein are lost in the urine which depletes the blood
of albumin. The patient often presents with frothy urine and anasarca (not
hematuria).
Explain why patients with nephrotic syndrome are at high risk for infection.
-
correct answers - Nephrotic syndrome is an idiopathic condition often
treated with corticosteroids and/or immunosuppressants. Massive swelling
puts skin at risk for breakdown because the skin becomes friable and fluid
filled
What is the two-word technical term for kidney stones? - correct
GRADED
answers
A+
- Renal calculi is the technical term for kidney stones.
Describe what caused the pain that sent this patient to the emergency
department. with renal calculi - correct answers - At least one of the
renal calculi was obstructing the ureter because it was too large to
move easily through the ureter.
, List the adverse effects that could arise if a renal calculus completely
blocks a ureter, and briefly explain why. - correct answers - Hydroureter
and hydronephrosis could occur because the kidney continues to produce
urine even if the ureter is blocked. The blockage would cause urine to
accumulate, dilating the ureter first, and then the renal pelvis. This leads
to a buildup of waste products in the body and can lead to kidney injury.
Explain why it is important for the patient to learn to increase her fluid
intake to 8-10 glasses of fluid per day. with renal calculi - correct
answers - Drinking 8-10 glasses of fluid per day will keep her urine dilute,
which will help keep renal calculi from forming and will help move stones
along the passageway to excretion should they recur.
Produced in the mouth and breaks down starch - correct answers -
Amylase Produced in the stomach and breaks down protiens - correct
answers - pepsin Produced by the pancreas and breaks down
triglycerides - correct answers - lipase
Describe how you would educate a hospice patient concerning
anticipated 24-hour output of his or her biliary drainage tube.
Submit and Compare, displayed below - correct answers - It is typical to
expect 700- 1200 cc of biliary output in a 24-hour period, though each
patient is an individual and a hospice patient may have a personal norm
that is different from the standard health individual. Biliary drainage tube
output can be used to calculate fluid lost for hydration purposes.
Are the patient's symptoms of dysphagia, dyspepsia, and regurgitation
specific to GERD? Why or why not? - correct answers - Dysphagia,
dyspepsia, and regurgitation are not specific to GERD. They can occur in
achalasia, GERD, hiatal hernia, and other disorders. Achalasia is not as
common as H-pylori infection, which also causes GERD symptoms. H-pylori
infection should be ruled out for patients presenting with these three
symptoms.
describe the danger of untreated GERD. - correct answers - Repeated
irritation of the distal esophagus by gastric acid can cause the
dysplastic changes of Barrett esophagus, which is an important risk
factor for esophageal cancer.
A patient has localized and has intense abdominal pain that lateralizes.
In order to move forward with your assessment, you consider the
types of pain.
Which type of pain is this patient most likely
experiencing? Referred
GRADED
Parietal
A+
Phanto
m
