11B
Explain what a chromosome is (including a diagram)
include details of chromatin chromatids and centromeres.
Include details of chromatin, chromatids and centromeres.
A chromosome is a long (thread-like structure) which is made of
DNA and proteins which carries genetic information , these
chromosomes are found in the nucleus of cells (eukaryotic) and
are really important for cell division as they're needed during
cell division. Chromatin is the material that makes up the
chromosomes, it's made up of DNA wrapped around proteins
called histones. When it's in its relaxed form chromatins are less
condensed which allows the processes of transcription and DNA
replication to occur , when a cell is ready to decide , the
chromatin condenses to form chromosomes which are
visible ,during cell division each one of the chromosomes is
duplicated making in to two identical halves called chromatids,
these chromatids(sister) are joined together at the region which
is called the centromere , the centromere play a huge role when
cell division occurs , because it is the point where the
chromatids are pulled away to make sure each cell receives an
identical set of chromosomes .
Summary – chromosomes are made of chromatins which then
condenses into chromatids during cell division , and the
centromeres which is place that holds the chromatids until
they're separated.
,Explain what the human karyotype is including the
details of the number of chromosomes in human cells
and how and why they're arranged ?
The human karyotype is a full set of chromosomes in a human
cell which is organized and shown in a standard format it
represents a representation of the number of chromosomes and
their structure, which makes it easier to identify any genetic
disorders and genetic traits. Humans have 46 chromosomes
which are in 23 pairs , each pair of chromosome is made uo of
one chromosomes inherited from the mother and one from the
father , the first 22 pairs of chromosomes are called autosomes ,
and the 23rd pair is made of the sex chromosomes which
determines an individual sex , males have one X and one Y
chromosome(XY) and females have two (X) chromosomes .all
the chromosomes in a karyotype are arranged by size shape
and their banding patterns which are produces during staining,
this arrangement helps [ scientistic and specialists o identify
abnormalities and problems weather that's identifying extra
chromosomes like in down syndrome which has an extra
chromosome 21) or a missing chromosome
Summary – human karyotype shows 46 chromosomes arranged
in 23 pairs which are organized by their shape size which are
, extremely important dor identifying genetic analysis and
diagnosis.
Explain what chromatids and centromeres are and
explain when a chromosome has this appearance?
Chromatids are the two identical halves of a chromosome which
is duplicated. When a cell gets ready to divide each of the
chromosomes it is replicated resulting into two sister chromatids
which are joined together. These chromatids have the save
genetic information and are really important for ensuring that
each new cell receives an identical chromosome set when cell
division occurs. The centromere is the region where the 2 sisters
chromatids are joined/connected together , it play an crucial role
during cell division especially when mitosis and meiosis occurs ,
where it helps in the segregation of the chromatids (to the
daughter cells), the centromere ids often visible s an constricted
area on the chromosome ,, a chromosome has its appearance
with 2 chromatids joined by a centromere during the last stages
of S phase of the cell cycle and carries throughout the G2 phase
Explain what a chromosome is (including a diagram)
include details of chromatin chromatids and centromeres.
Include details of chromatin, chromatids and centromeres.
A chromosome is a long (thread-like structure) which is made of
DNA and proteins which carries genetic information , these
chromosomes are found in the nucleus of cells (eukaryotic) and
are really important for cell division as they're needed during
cell division. Chromatin is the material that makes up the
chromosomes, it's made up of DNA wrapped around proteins
called histones. When it's in its relaxed form chromatins are less
condensed which allows the processes of transcription and DNA
replication to occur , when a cell is ready to decide , the
chromatin condenses to form chromosomes which are
visible ,during cell division each one of the chromosomes is
duplicated making in to two identical halves called chromatids,
these chromatids(sister) are joined together at the region which
is called the centromere , the centromere play a huge role when
cell division occurs , because it is the point where the
chromatids are pulled away to make sure each cell receives an
identical set of chromosomes .
Summary – chromosomes are made of chromatins which then
condenses into chromatids during cell division , and the
centromeres which is place that holds the chromatids until
they're separated.
,Explain what the human karyotype is including the
details of the number of chromosomes in human cells
and how and why they're arranged ?
The human karyotype is a full set of chromosomes in a human
cell which is organized and shown in a standard format it
represents a representation of the number of chromosomes and
their structure, which makes it easier to identify any genetic
disorders and genetic traits. Humans have 46 chromosomes
which are in 23 pairs , each pair of chromosome is made uo of
one chromosomes inherited from the mother and one from the
father , the first 22 pairs of chromosomes are called autosomes ,
and the 23rd pair is made of the sex chromosomes which
determines an individual sex , males have one X and one Y
chromosome(XY) and females have two (X) chromosomes .all
the chromosomes in a karyotype are arranged by size shape
and their banding patterns which are produces during staining,
this arrangement helps [ scientistic and specialists o identify
abnormalities and problems weather that's identifying extra
chromosomes like in down syndrome which has an extra
chromosome 21) or a missing chromosome
Summary – human karyotype shows 46 chromosomes arranged
in 23 pairs which are organized by their shape size which are
, extremely important dor identifying genetic analysis and
diagnosis.
Explain what chromatids and centromeres are and
explain when a chromosome has this appearance?
Chromatids are the two identical halves of a chromosome which
is duplicated. When a cell gets ready to divide each of the
chromosomes it is replicated resulting into two sister chromatids
which are joined together. These chromatids have the save
genetic information and are really important for ensuring that
each new cell receives an identical chromosome set when cell
division occurs. The centromere is the region where the 2 sisters
chromatids are joined/connected together , it play an crucial role
during cell division especially when mitosis and meiosis occurs ,
where it helps in the segregation of the chromatids (to the
daughter cells), the centromere ids often visible s an constricted
area on the chromosome ,, a chromosome has its appearance
with 2 chromatids joined by a centromere during the last stages
of S phase of the cell cycle and carries throughout the G2 phase
