Page 1 of 18
SOUTH CAROLINA BIOLOGY EOC REVIEW EXAM WITH
BEST SOLUTIONS 2025
cell theory - answer-1. all living things are made of cells
2. basic unit of structure and function in living things
3. new cells are produced from existing cells
cell wall - answer-surrounds cell membrane in plants; rigid
cell membrane - answer-A cell structure that controls which substances can enter or
leave the cell.
Observation - answer-process of gathering information about events or processes in
an orderly way
Data - answer-info gathered from observations
What must a hypothesis be? - answer-Testable
monomers - answer-basic unit of macromolecules
polymers - answer-a large molecule formed by attaching many molecules together
what are monosaccharides - answer-has one monomer; carbohydrate
denatured - answer-to become inactive; refers to a protein
substrate - answer-the reactants of an enzyme reaction
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nucleus - answer-contains the cell's DNA
ribosomes - answer-involved in protein synthesis
chloroplast - answer-Site of photosynthesis; contains chlorophyll
nucleus - answer-A part of the cell containing DNA and RNA and responsible for growth
and reproduction
lysosomes - answer-contains digestive enzymes
Golgi apparatus (Golgi complex, Golgi bodies) - answer-process and packages proteins
and other substances
flagella - answer-whip like structure used for movement
nucleolus - answer-makes ribosmal RNA
cilia - answer-hairlike structures on the outer surface of the cell; used for movement
characteristics of viruses - answer-1. too small to be seen with a light microscope
2. capsid surrounds the genetic material
3. contain nucleic acids (DNA or RNA)
4. no nucleus
5. do not have membrane bound organelles
6. not a cell; not considered living
7. cannot reproduce by themselves
what two organelles are not in animal cells - answer-cell wall and chloroplast
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homeostasis - answer-balanced internal condition of cells or maintain a relatively
constant internal environment even though the external environment is changing
describe the polar and non polar regions of the phospholipid layer - answer-polar heads
are hydrophilic "water loving"
non polar tails are hydrophobic "water fearing"
why is the cell membrane considered to be a bilipid layer - answer-it is made of two
layers of phospholipids
semipermeable or selectively permeable membrane - answer-will let certain things
across but not all things
What will not go across the cell membrane - answer-large molecules such as proteins
do not move through the membrane on their own
what are the cell membrane components - answer-- phospholipids (peripheral and
integral) proteins
- cholesterol
- carbohydrates (glucose)
characteristics of simple diffusion - answer-- requires no energy (ATP)
- molecules move from area ***HIGH TO LOW*** concentration
osmosis - answer-diffusion of water across a membrane
What is classified as passive transport - answer-simple diffusion and facilitated
diffusion
does simple and facilitated diffusion require energy? - answer-no
SOUTH CAROLINA BIOLOGY EOC REVIEW EXAM WITH
BEST SOLUTIONS 2025
cell theory - answer-1. all living things are made of cells
2. basic unit of structure and function in living things
3. new cells are produced from existing cells
cell wall - answer-surrounds cell membrane in plants; rigid
cell membrane - answer-A cell structure that controls which substances can enter or
leave the cell.
Observation - answer-process of gathering information about events or processes in
an orderly way
Data - answer-info gathered from observations
What must a hypothesis be? - answer-Testable
monomers - answer-basic unit of macromolecules
polymers - answer-a large molecule formed by attaching many molecules together
what are monosaccharides - answer-has one monomer; carbohydrate
denatured - answer-to become inactive; refers to a protein
substrate - answer-the reactants of an enzyme reaction
, Page 2 of 18
nucleus - answer-contains the cell's DNA
ribosomes - answer-involved in protein synthesis
chloroplast - answer-Site of photosynthesis; contains chlorophyll
nucleus - answer-A part of the cell containing DNA and RNA and responsible for growth
and reproduction
lysosomes - answer-contains digestive enzymes
Golgi apparatus (Golgi complex, Golgi bodies) - answer-process and packages proteins
and other substances
flagella - answer-whip like structure used for movement
nucleolus - answer-makes ribosmal RNA
cilia - answer-hairlike structures on the outer surface of the cell; used for movement
characteristics of viruses - answer-1. too small to be seen with a light microscope
2. capsid surrounds the genetic material
3. contain nucleic acids (DNA or RNA)
4. no nucleus
5. do not have membrane bound organelles
6. not a cell; not considered living
7. cannot reproduce by themselves
what two organelles are not in animal cells - answer-cell wall and chloroplast
, Page 3 of 18
homeostasis - answer-balanced internal condition of cells or maintain a relatively
constant internal environment even though the external environment is changing
describe the polar and non polar regions of the phospholipid layer - answer-polar heads
are hydrophilic "water loving"
non polar tails are hydrophobic "water fearing"
why is the cell membrane considered to be a bilipid layer - answer-it is made of two
layers of phospholipids
semipermeable or selectively permeable membrane - answer-will let certain things
across but not all things
What will not go across the cell membrane - answer-large molecules such as proteins
do not move through the membrane on their own
what are the cell membrane components - answer-- phospholipids (peripheral and
integral) proteins
- cholesterol
- carbohydrates (glucose)
characteristics of simple diffusion - answer-- requires no energy (ATP)
- molecules move from area ***HIGH TO LOW*** concentration
osmosis - answer-diffusion of water across a membrane
What is classified as passive transport - answer-simple diffusion and facilitated
diffusion
does simple and facilitated diffusion require energy? - answer-no
