PATH 1000 Unit 1.2
Test Bank 2025 | Updated Questions with Correct Solutions | MULTIPLE CHOICE
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List 8 chief cellular functions - 1. movement (muscle to bone causes movement)
2. conductivity (electric response to stimuli)
3. metabolic absorption (taking and using nutrients)
4. secretion (mucus)
5. excretion (getting rid of waste)
6. respiration (taking in O2 for nutrients)
7. reproduction (tissue growth)
8. communication
What are the four ways cells adapt to their environment? - 1. atrophy
2. hypertrophy
3. hyperplasia
4. metaplasia
What is cellular atrophy? - Decrease in cellular size and functional components
ex. aging, early development(thymus gland)
What is cellular hypertrophy? - The increase in the size of a cell in response to mechanical
stimuli.
ex. weightlifters
What is cellular hyperplasia? - The increase in the number of cells due to increased cellular
division.
, (response to injury)
What is compensatory hyperplasia? - An adaptive mechanism that enables certain organs to
regenerate.
What is hormonal hyperplasia? - Enlargement of estrogen dependent organs such as the breasts
and uterus.
ex. endometrium grows and thickens in preparation of ovum.
What is cellular metaplasia? - Reversible replacement of one mature cell type by another less
mature cell type.
ex. smoking causes changes to lung cells.
What is cellular dysplasia? - Abnormal changes in the size shape and organization of mature
cells.
(not considered a true adaptive process)
Is dysplasia the same thing as caner? - Although dysplasia functions similar to cancer and is
often located next to cancerous growths it doesn't indicate cancer and may never progress to it.
What are the five progressive changes of a cell? - -atrophy
-hypertrophy
-hyperplasia
-metaplasia
Test Bank 2025 | Updated Questions with Correct Solutions | MULTIPLE CHOICE
| A+ Verified!!
List 8 chief cellular functions - 1. movement (muscle to bone causes movement)
2. conductivity (electric response to stimuli)
3. metabolic absorption (taking and using nutrients)
4. secretion (mucus)
5. excretion (getting rid of waste)
6. respiration (taking in O2 for nutrients)
7. reproduction (tissue growth)
8. communication
What are the four ways cells adapt to their environment? - 1. atrophy
2. hypertrophy
3. hyperplasia
4. metaplasia
What is cellular atrophy? - Decrease in cellular size and functional components
ex. aging, early development(thymus gland)
What is cellular hypertrophy? - The increase in the size of a cell in response to mechanical
stimuli.
ex. weightlifters
What is cellular hyperplasia? - The increase in the number of cells due to increased cellular
division.
, (response to injury)
What is compensatory hyperplasia? - An adaptive mechanism that enables certain organs to
regenerate.
What is hormonal hyperplasia? - Enlargement of estrogen dependent organs such as the breasts
and uterus.
ex. endometrium grows and thickens in preparation of ovum.
What is cellular metaplasia? - Reversible replacement of one mature cell type by another less
mature cell type.
ex. smoking causes changes to lung cells.
What is cellular dysplasia? - Abnormal changes in the size shape and organization of mature
cells.
(not considered a true adaptive process)
Is dysplasia the same thing as caner? - Although dysplasia functions similar to cancer and is
often located next to cancerous growths it doesn't indicate cancer and may never progress to it.
What are the five progressive changes of a cell? - -atrophy
-hypertrophy
-hyperplasia
-metaplasia
