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I HUMAN Cases Week 7 Exam Questions
And Answers 100% Pass
Is the inability to urinate an emergency or should you tell Ms. Burd to continue to monitor
Noodle for the rest of the day? - ANS Inability to urinate is an emergency and should be
treated right away
What does BUN stand for? What organ does a BUN test evaluate? - ANS BUN is Blood Urea
Nitrogen - product of protein metabolism filtered out by kidneys. When glomerular filtration
rate is decreased or urinary tract is obstructed, urea nitrogen will build up in blood stream.
Kidneys are unable to fully filter out urea nitrogen out of the vascular system causing BUN
levels to decrease.
What other blood chemistry values may be altered in a patient with a urethral blockage,
especially with longer-term blockage? - ANS It is important to monitor blood pH; potassium
levels of many animals with urethral blockages will become hyperchloremic and acidotic which
can be life threatening.
What is urohydropulsion? - ANS Procedure used to clear urethra of foreign materials in male
dogs. Urinary catheter is inserted and fluids injected into urethra while prepuce is closed shut.
Urethra caudal to obstruction is also held shut rectally allowing fluid to expand urethra and
hopefully flush the stone backwards into the urinary bladder.
Why would cystocentesis be the best method to collect urine and partially empty Noodle's
bladder? - ANS Cystocentesis is best method to collect urine. Noodle is blocked so catheters,
free catch, and expression are not viable. Cystocentesis will allow for emptying of the bladder
and urine sample collection.
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Why should urine collection be done before starting urohydropulsion? - ANS After
urohydropulsion, bladder will have saline and lubricants in it which would alter the results of
the urinalysis rendering findings invalid.
What equipment is needed to perform urohydropulsion? - ANS Urohydropulsion requires
urinary catheter, large syringe with a catheter tip, sterile saline, exam glove, and lubricant.
Ideally largest urinary catheter possible is used because a tight fit is best for this procedure.
Is this USG within normal range? What is the proper method for preparing a urine sample for a
microscopic sediment examination? - ANS Is slightly higher than average USG but still in the
normal range. To prepare urine sample for sediment you would take the urine and place into
centrifuge tube and centrifuge for 3-5 minutes and drop off most of the supernatant and leave
½ to 1 mL in the centrifuge tube then suspend sediment in the fluid by flicking the tube
carefully or mixing with a pipette. Drop of mixed liquid is transported to a microscope slide and
evaluated. Stain can be added if desired and a cover slip is placed over the liquid.
What is a benefit of using a stain when examining urine sediment? What are some problems
that are associated with staining urine sediment? - ANS Staining urine sediment can improve
differentiation between cell types, however, it can introduce artifacts like bacteria or other
precipitate material.
What are some other names for struvite crystals? Describe the appearance of struvite crystals. -
ANS Struvite are frequently called triple phosphate or magnesium ammonium phosphate.
Resemble coffin lids and are generally 6-8 sided prisms with tapered sides.
Is Noodle's acidic, neutral, or alkaline? How does diet affect urine pH? - ANS Slightly alkaline;
alkaline urine most common in animals who have plant material based diet and acidic is mostly
commonly seen in animals with a meat or animal based diet. Omnivores can have neutral,
acidic, or neutral urine.
Name two crystals that form in acidic urine, two in alkaline urine, and two that form in varying
pH. Give descriptions of each of the crystal's microscopic appearance. - ANS Acidic Only
I HUMAN Cases Week 7 Exam Questions
And Answers 100% Pass
Is the inability to urinate an emergency or should you tell Ms. Burd to continue to monitor
Noodle for the rest of the day? - ANS Inability to urinate is an emergency and should be
treated right away
What does BUN stand for? What organ does a BUN test evaluate? - ANS BUN is Blood Urea
Nitrogen - product of protein metabolism filtered out by kidneys. When glomerular filtration
rate is decreased or urinary tract is obstructed, urea nitrogen will build up in blood stream.
Kidneys are unable to fully filter out urea nitrogen out of the vascular system causing BUN
levels to decrease.
What other blood chemistry values may be altered in a patient with a urethral blockage,
especially with longer-term blockage? - ANS It is important to monitor blood pH; potassium
levels of many animals with urethral blockages will become hyperchloremic and acidotic which
can be life threatening.
What is urohydropulsion? - ANS Procedure used to clear urethra of foreign materials in male
dogs. Urinary catheter is inserted and fluids injected into urethra while prepuce is closed shut.
Urethra caudal to obstruction is also held shut rectally allowing fluid to expand urethra and
hopefully flush the stone backwards into the urinary bladder.
Why would cystocentesis be the best method to collect urine and partially empty Noodle's
bladder? - ANS Cystocentesis is best method to collect urine. Noodle is blocked so catheters,
free catch, and expression are not viable. Cystocentesis will allow for emptying of the bladder
and urine sample collection.
, ©EVERLY 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
Why should urine collection be done before starting urohydropulsion? - ANS After
urohydropulsion, bladder will have saline and lubricants in it which would alter the results of
the urinalysis rendering findings invalid.
What equipment is needed to perform urohydropulsion? - ANS Urohydropulsion requires
urinary catheter, large syringe with a catheter tip, sterile saline, exam glove, and lubricant.
Ideally largest urinary catheter possible is used because a tight fit is best for this procedure.
Is this USG within normal range? What is the proper method for preparing a urine sample for a
microscopic sediment examination? - ANS Is slightly higher than average USG but still in the
normal range. To prepare urine sample for sediment you would take the urine and place into
centrifuge tube and centrifuge for 3-5 minutes and drop off most of the supernatant and leave
½ to 1 mL in the centrifuge tube then suspend sediment in the fluid by flicking the tube
carefully or mixing with a pipette. Drop of mixed liquid is transported to a microscope slide and
evaluated. Stain can be added if desired and a cover slip is placed over the liquid.
What is a benefit of using a stain when examining urine sediment? What are some problems
that are associated with staining urine sediment? - ANS Staining urine sediment can improve
differentiation between cell types, however, it can introduce artifacts like bacteria or other
precipitate material.
What are some other names for struvite crystals? Describe the appearance of struvite crystals. -
ANS Struvite are frequently called triple phosphate or magnesium ammonium phosphate.
Resemble coffin lids and are generally 6-8 sided prisms with tapered sides.
Is Noodle's acidic, neutral, or alkaline? How does diet affect urine pH? - ANS Slightly alkaline;
alkaline urine most common in animals who have plant material based diet and acidic is mostly
commonly seen in animals with a meat or animal based diet. Omnivores can have neutral,
acidic, or neutral urine.
Name two crystals that form in acidic urine, two in alkaline urine, and two that form in varying
pH. Give descriptions of each of the crystal's microscopic appearance. - ANS Acidic Only
