BSC 1005 Exam #3 Study Guide Questions
with correct answers
Gene Regulation - VERIFIED ANSWER✔✔-ability for an organism to control which genes are are
transcribed in response to the environment
Gene Expression * - VERIFIED ANSWER✔✔-Conversion of the information encoded in a gene first into
messenger RNA and then to a protein.
lac is an - VERIFIED ANSWER✔✔-operon
Operon * - VERIFIED ANSWER✔✔-Cluster of related genes & sequences that control gene regulation.
The site where RNA polymerase attaches & initiates transcription is ________. * - VERIFIED
ANSWER✔✔-the promoter
The _______ located between the promoter and operon, acts as a switch that is turned on or off,
spending on whether a specific protein is bound there. * - VERIFIED ANSWER✔✔-Operator.
Describe an operon on its off mode (Gene Regulation) - VERIFIED ANSWER✔✔-1. Transcription is
stopped when a repressor binds to the operator.
2. The repressor physically binds to the operator. , blocking the attachment of RNA polymerase
Describe an Operon on it's on mode (Gene Regulation in Bacteria) - VERIFIED ANSWER✔✔-1. A lactose
molecule for ex, binds to a repressor, changing the shape of the repressor.
2. Since there is nothing no longer blocking RNA Polymerase, it binds to the promoter.
3. RNA transcribes genes of the lactose enzymes into mRNA.
X Chromosome Activation - VERIFIED ANSWER✔✔-only one X chromosome in females is activated
(occurs in inner cell mass)
, ________ , collection of proteins acting together to bind to DNA sequences called enhancers and to the
promoter. - VERIFIED ANSWER✔✔-Transcription factors.
During gene regulation in eukaryotic cells Repressor proteins called ___________ inhibit the start of
transcription. - VERIFIED ANSWER✔✔-Silencers
__________ are proteins that turn ON genes by binding to DNA. - VERIFIED ANSWER✔✔-Activators
Alterative mRNA splicing - VERIFIED ANSWER✔✔-Producing multiple mRNA from the same gene. They
will ultimately code for different polypeptides.
what exactly is cell signaling? - VERIFIED ANSWER✔✔-The process of cell-to-cell communication
mediated by signaling molecules and membrane receptors
Signal Transduction Pathway - VERIFIED ANSWER✔✔-a series of molecular changes that convert a signal
on the target cell's surface to a specific response within the cell; crucial to many cellular functions
Explain the Process of Cell Signaling - VERIFIED ANSWER✔✔-1) The signaling cell secretes a signal
molecule.
2) The molecule binds to a specific receptor protein, embedded on the outside of the other cell's
membrane.
3)The bond activate a signal transduction pathway consisting of relay proteins that activate the next
one.
4) The last relay protein activates a transcription factor that triggers transcription of a specific gene.
5) Translation of the mRNA produces a protein that is used for what the signal intended.
Homeotic Genes - VERIFIED ANSWER✔✔-Any of the genes that control the overall body plan of animals
by controlling the developmental fate of groups of cells.
DNA Microarray - VERIFIED ANSWER✔✔-Technique used to screen a single sample for a vast range of
different nucleotide sequences stimultaneously; it is often used to study gene expression
with correct answers
Gene Regulation - VERIFIED ANSWER✔✔-ability for an organism to control which genes are are
transcribed in response to the environment
Gene Expression * - VERIFIED ANSWER✔✔-Conversion of the information encoded in a gene first into
messenger RNA and then to a protein.
lac is an - VERIFIED ANSWER✔✔-operon
Operon * - VERIFIED ANSWER✔✔-Cluster of related genes & sequences that control gene regulation.
The site where RNA polymerase attaches & initiates transcription is ________. * - VERIFIED
ANSWER✔✔-the promoter
The _______ located between the promoter and operon, acts as a switch that is turned on or off,
spending on whether a specific protein is bound there. * - VERIFIED ANSWER✔✔-Operator.
Describe an operon on its off mode (Gene Regulation) - VERIFIED ANSWER✔✔-1. Transcription is
stopped when a repressor binds to the operator.
2. The repressor physically binds to the operator. , blocking the attachment of RNA polymerase
Describe an Operon on it's on mode (Gene Regulation in Bacteria) - VERIFIED ANSWER✔✔-1. A lactose
molecule for ex, binds to a repressor, changing the shape of the repressor.
2. Since there is nothing no longer blocking RNA Polymerase, it binds to the promoter.
3. RNA transcribes genes of the lactose enzymes into mRNA.
X Chromosome Activation - VERIFIED ANSWER✔✔-only one X chromosome in females is activated
(occurs in inner cell mass)
, ________ , collection of proteins acting together to bind to DNA sequences called enhancers and to the
promoter. - VERIFIED ANSWER✔✔-Transcription factors.
During gene regulation in eukaryotic cells Repressor proteins called ___________ inhibit the start of
transcription. - VERIFIED ANSWER✔✔-Silencers
__________ are proteins that turn ON genes by binding to DNA. - VERIFIED ANSWER✔✔-Activators
Alterative mRNA splicing - VERIFIED ANSWER✔✔-Producing multiple mRNA from the same gene. They
will ultimately code for different polypeptides.
what exactly is cell signaling? - VERIFIED ANSWER✔✔-The process of cell-to-cell communication
mediated by signaling molecules and membrane receptors
Signal Transduction Pathway - VERIFIED ANSWER✔✔-a series of molecular changes that convert a signal
on the target cell's surface to a specific response within the cell; crucial to many cellular functions
Explain the Process of Cell Signaling - VERIFIED ANSWER✔✔-1) The signaling cell secretes a signal
molecule.
2) The molecule binds to a specific receptor protein, embedded on the outside of the other cell's
membrane.
3)The bond activate a signal transduction pathway consisting of relay proteins that activate the next
one.
4) The last relay protein activates a transcription factor that triggers transcription of a specific gene.
5) Translation of the mRNA produces a protein that is used for what the signal intended.
Homeotic Genes - VERIFIED ANSWER✔✔-Any of the genes that control the overall body plan of animals
by controlling the developmental fate of groups of cells.
DNA Microarray - VERIFIED ANSWER✔✔-Technique used to screen a single sample for a vast range of
different nucleotide sequences stimultaneously; it is often used to study gene expression
