BCHM 4360 Exam 1 Chapter 6
Before cells divide, DNA _______ must
replication
occur
DNA replication is the complete, faithful
__________ of the DNA comprising the copying
cell's chromosomes
What type of replication is DNA replica-
semi-conservative
tion?
each strand of the parental double helix
Semi-conservative replication acts as a template for the synthesis of a
new daughter DNA strand
in order to copy the template strand:
1. the _____ on the template strand must
base; complementary base
be identified
2. the _________ _____ must be added
In DNA, A pairs with _______ and G
T; C
pairs with _________
nucleotides are added to the ____ end 3'
copying the template strand ensures
that each daughter double-helix is
_________ to the parental double-helix identical; identical
and that each daughter cell will receive
________ DNA molecules
replication starts at special sites called origins of replication
replication moves away from the origin in
replication bubble
both directions, forming a
the DNA double-helix is opened at
the ____________________________
origin of replication; replication forks
and unwound to form
_____________________
at replication forks, ________ is exposed
ssDNA; DNA synthesis
and _______________ can occur
DNA synthesis on both strands occurs in
5'; 3'
a ____ to ____ direction
, BCHM 4360 Exam 1 Chapter 6
DNA synthesis is continuous on one
strand, the ________ strand, but dis-
leading; lagging
continuous on the other strand, the
_________ strand
DNA synthesis is _______ on the lead-
continuous
ing strand
DNA synthesis is _______ on the lag-
discontinuous
ging strand
the leading strand requires _____
primer, while the lagging strand requires one; multiple
______
1. Initiation
three phases of DNA synthesis 2. Elongation
3. Termination
the origin of replication is recognized by
initiator protein
an
initiator proteins open up the _________
double helix; helicases
_____ and recruit ________
DNA helicases _________ the helix to
unwind; ssDNA
expose __________
single-stranded DNA is coated with ssDNA binding proteins
initiation is controlled to occur _____ per
once
cell cycle
DNA synthesis needs a _____ that can
primer
only add nucleotides to an existing 3' end
DNA synthesis primer is a short RNA
primase
strand synthesized by
after the RNA primer is synthesized, the
sliding clamp
_________ __________ is recruited
DNA polymerase is associated with DNA
via the _______ _________ and the clamp loader; sliding clamp
________ ______
DNA polymerase
, BCHM 4360 Exam 1 Chapter 6
______ ________ is associated with
DNA via the clamp loader and the sliding
clamp
the replication machinery moves along
copying
the DNA, ________ the strands
each base in the parental DNA is read by DNA polymerase
________________ adds complemen-
tary bases to the growing strand in a 5' DNA polymerase
to 3' direction
DNA polymerase adds complementary
bases to the growing strand in a ____ to 5'; 3'
____ direction
1. two different replication forks meet
2. the fork reaches the end of a linear
3 ways termination can occur chromosome
3. polymerase meets the previously repli-
cated strand
1. replication complexes are disassem-
bled
2. RNA primers are removed and re-
4 steps of termination
placed with DNA
3. DNA ligase connects adjacent strands
4. the replisome is disassembled
the structure of DNA polymerase resem-
bles a ______, with three domains called right hand; thumb, fingers, and palm
the ________
-ssDNA is fed past the fingers and into
the active site in the palm, where nu-
cleotide addition is catalyzed
-the finger domain helps position the in-
explain how the structure of DNA poly-
coming nucleotide, which joins to the free
merase resembles a right hand
3' OH in the polymerase active site in the
palm
-the thumb domain holds the elongating
dsDNA
, BCHM 4360 Exam 1 Chapter 6
the active site catalyzes a phosphoryl
transfer reaction linking the 5' phosphate
phosphodiester bond
of the incoming nucleotide to the 3' OH
of the growing DNA to form a
-active site catalyzes a phosphoryl trans-
fer reaction linking the 5' phosphate of
the incoming nucleotide to the 3' OH of
reaction mechanism for incoming nu- the growing DNA to form a phosphodi-
cleotides ester bond
-metal ions like Mg shuffle e- to facilitate
attack and stabilize the reaction mecha-
nism
the active site of DNA polymerase
has __________ groups of two
carboxylate; aspartate; magnesium
______ residues coordinated with two
___________ ions
the reaction consists of a nucleophilic
attack by the 3' OH on the alpha-phos-
phate of the incoming nucleotide triphos- pyrophosphate
phate, releasing two of the phosphates
as
one activates the 3' OH and the other in-
purpose of 2 magnesium ions at the ac-
teracts with the incoming nucleotide and
tive site
stabilizes the negative leaving oxygen
the overall structure and catalytic mech-
anisms of polymerases are similar in bacteria; eukaryotes
_____ and ________
the special relationships between the
palm, finger, and thumb domains differ polymerases
among different ________
significant structural differences suggest
that replication machinery arose ______
during evolution, and that _______ evo- twice; convergent
lution led to the similarities in polymerase
structures
DNA polymerases; RNA; DNA
Before cells divide, DNA _______ must
replication
occur
DNA replication is the complete, faithful
__________ of the DNA comprising the copying
cell's chromosomes
What type of replication is DNA replica-
semi-conservative
tion?
each strand of the parental double helix
Semi-conservative replication acts as a template for the synthesis of a
new daughter DNA strand
in order to copy the template strand:
1. the _____ on the template strand must
base; complementary base
be identified
2. the _________ _____ must be added
In DNA, A pairs with _______ and G
T; C
pairs with _________
nucleotides are added to the ____ end 3'
copying the template strand ensures
that each daughter double-helix is
_________ to the parental double-helix identical; identical
and that each daughter cell will receive
________ DNA molecules
replication starts at special sites called origins of replication
replication moves away from the origin in
replication bubble
both directions, forming a
the DNA double-helix is opened at
the ____________________________
origin of replication; replication forks
and unwound to form
_____________________
at replication forks, ________ is exposed
ssDNA; DNA synthesis
and _______________ can occur
DNA synthesis on both strands occurs in
5'; 3'
a ____ to ____ direction
, BCHM 4360 Exam 1 Chapter 6
DNA synthesis is continuous on one
strand, the ________ strand, but dis-
leading; lagging
continuous on the other strand, the
_________ strand
DNA synthesis is _______ on the lead-
continuous
ing strand
DNA synthesis is _______ on the lag-
discontinuous
ging strand
the leading strand requires _____
primer, while the lagging strand requires one; multiple
______
1. Initiation
three phases of DNA synthesis 2. Elongation
3. Termination
the origin of replication is recognized by
initiator protein
an
initiator proteins open up the _________
double helix; helicases
_____ and recruit ________
DNA helicases _________ the helix to
unwind; ssDNA
expose __________
single-stranded DNA is coated with ssDNA binding proteins
initiation is controlled to occur _____ per
once
cell cycle
DNA synthesis needs a _____ that can
primer
only add nucleotides to an existing 3' end
DNA synthesis primer is a short RNA
primase
strand synthesized by
after the RNA primer is synthesized, the
sliding clamp
_________ __________ is recruited
DNA polymerase is associated with DNA
via the _______ _________ and the clamp loader; sliding clamp
________ ______
DNA polymerase
, BCHM 4360 Exam 1 Chapter 6
______ ________ is associated with
DNA via the clamp loader and the sliding
clamp
the replication machinery moves along
copying
the DNA, ________ the strands
each base in the parental DNA is read by DNA polymerase
________________ adds complemen-
tary bases to the growing strand in a 5' DNA polymerase
to 3' direction
DNA polymerase adds complementary
bases to the growing strand in a ____ to 5'; 3'
____ direction
1. two different replication forks meet
2. the fork reaches the end of a linear
3 ways termination can occur chromosome
3. polymerase meets the previously repli-
cated strand
1. replication complexes are disassem-
bled
2. RNA primers are removed and re-
4 steps of termination
placed with DNA
3. DNA ligase connects adjacent strands
4. the replisome is disassembled
the structure of DNA polymerase resem-
bles a ______, with three domains called right hand; thumb, fingers, and palm
the ________
-ssDNA is fed past the fingers and into
the active site in the palm, where nu-
cleotide addition is catalyzed
-the finger domain helps position the in-
explain how the structure of DNA poly-
coming nucleotide, which joins to the free
merase resembles a right hand
3' OH in the polymerase active site in the
palm
-the thumb domain holds the elongating
dsDNA
, BCHM 4360 Exam 1 Chapter 6
the active site catalyzes a phosphoryl
transfer reaction linking the 5' phosphate
phosphodiester bond
of the incoming nucleotide to the 3' OH
of the growing DNA to form a
-active site catalyzes a phosphoryl trans-
fer reaction linking the 5' phosphate of
the incoming nucleotide to the 3' OH of
reaction mechanism for incoming nu- the growing DNA to form a phosphodi-
cleotides ester bond
-metal ions like Mg shuffle e- to facilitate
attack and stabilize the reaction mecha-
nism
the active site of DNA polymerase
has __________ groups of two
carboxylate; aspartate; magnesium
______ residues coordinated with two
___________ ions
the reaction consists of a nucleophilic
attack by the 3' OH on the alpha-phos-
phate of the incoming nucleotide triphos- pyrophosphate
phate, releasing two of the phosphates
as
one activates the 3' OH and the other in-
purpose of 2 magnesium ions at the ac-
teracts with the incoming nucleotide and
tive site
stabilizes the negative leaving oxygen
the overall structure and catalytic mech-
anisms of polymerases are similar in bacteria; eukaryotes
_____ and ________
the special relationships between the
palm, finger, and thumb domains differ polymerases
among different ________
significant structural differences suggest
that replication machinery arose ______
during evolution, and that _______ evo- twice; convergent
lution led to the similarities in polymerase
structures
DNA polymerases; RNA; DNA
