USU COMD 5070 Exam 3 - Questions With
Complete Solutions
Suprasegmental Properties Correct Answer - •speech sound
aka segment
•SS properties apply to whole utterances, features of speech beyond
single segment
•speech sounds seldom produced in isolation, not INVARIANT -
sound varies, influenced by:
Coarticulation Correct Answer - •boundaries blurred,
neighboring sounds affect prod
•each segment has 'specifications', may 'flavor' neighbor (e.g., lip
rounding, velar lowering)
Coarticulation in 2 directions: Correct Answer -
•FORWARD/ANTICIPATORY
-earlier sound influenced by later ('spoon')
•BACKWARD/RETENTIVE
-later sound influenced by earlier ('no')
Coarticulation Timing Correct Answer - •children learn to
coarticulate w maturing of CNS & practice
-Apraxia of speech, acquired by adult thru TBI or stroke, difficulty
linking syllables, reduction in coartic, speech no sound as natural
•How long does phoneme last?
-When consonant phoneme is produced on own, as in consonant
with vowel, is LONGEST in duration
-When combine into consonant cluster of 2 sounds, original sound
decreased in duration
-if 3 sounds together, shortest, but not common
,Speech Clarity Correct Answer - -When trying to be clear,
segment durations increase
-LINDBLOM - H & H HYPOTHESIS -HYPO and HYPER Hypothesis -
adjust articulatory effort based on circumstances
-articulatory undershoot - in rapid speech production
Prosody Correct Answer - •SS property bc overarches all
sounds made
•3 key elements of prosody: 1. PITCH (FF), 2. LOUDNESS
(INTENSITY), 3. DURATION
•respiratory system primary driving mechanism •disorders w/
prosodic insufficiency: insufficient ability to modulate/adjust
respiratory output or laryngeal probs preventing adjust
FF/intensity during speech
Two main classes of Prosody Correct Answer - 1. LINGUISTIC
PROSODY
-helps listener understand grammar of what said; (Q or statement?
-Linguistic stress is tool for language acquisition
2. AFFECTIVE PROSODY aka Emotional Prosody
Affective Prosody and Mother tongue Study Correct Answer - •
142 listeners, 21 languages, fluent in English (monoglots, polyglots,
ESL)
• listened to English neutral and angry
-Women, across groups, better at id of emotion context -polyglot
outperformed others, monoglot not statistically better than ESL
group
-Possibly learning language sensitizes to sounds
Speech Rate Correct Answer - -SS property bc affects all
sounds in utterance
-NOT linear stretching or compressing of all speech sounds
, -logical w/ way individual sounds produced (prolong
vowel/fricative, not affricate/stop)
-when speed or slow speech, sounds not affected equally
Clinical Rate Manipulation Correct Answer - -reduce speech
rate to improve intelligibility (helpful in foreign lang too)
-Pacing Boards - client push finger up/down over slot to produce
each syllable in isolation
-Alphabet Board -point to 1st letter of word, dramatic slow down
-metronome
velopharyngeal problems Correct Answer - -CLEFT PALATE -
anatomical limits, 1/750 births, Even w/ repair, poor
velopharyngeal closure
-HEARING IMPAIRMENT - probs managing velopharyngeal function
w/out auditory feedback
-different types of DYSARTHRIA from stroke, TBI, CP, progressive
neurological disorders -neuromuscular deficit, brain sends out
weak, uncoordinated signals to velopharyngeal port muscles
Nasal Terms Correct Answer - -NASALIZATION -not
necessarily disordered
-NASAL EMISSION -not normal, occurs w/ severe velopharyngeal
insufficiency, air escapes thru nose when oral pressure high
-HYPERNASALITY- abnormal, results in distortion of vowels,
because nasal and oral cavities linked and nasal cavity has damping
effect/ acts as antiresonance, which damps other formants
Nasality Problems Correct Answer - • velopharyngeal
incompetence
- velum fails to raise, stiffen adequately
- pharyngeal constrictors weak
• poor timing of velar movements
- muscle strength not impaired, timing inappropriate
Complete Solutions
Suprasegmental Properties Correct Answer - •speech sound
aka segment
•SS properties apply to whole utterances, features of speech beyond
single segment
•speech sounds seldom produced in isolation, not INVARIANT -
sound varies, influenced by:
Coarticulation Correct Answer - •boundaries blurred,
neighboring sounds affect prod
•each segment has 'specifications', may 'flavor' neighbor (e.g., lip
rounding, velar lowering)
Coarticulation in 2 directions: Correct Answer -
•FORWARD/ANTICIPATORY
-earlier sound influenced by later ('spoon')
•BACKWARD/RETENTIVE
-later sound influenced by earlier ('no')
Coarticulation Timing Correct Answer - •children learn to
coarticulate w maturing of CNS & practice
-Apraxia of speech, acquired by adult thru TBI or stroke, difficulty
linking syllables, reduction in coartic, speech no sound as natural
•How long does phoneme last?
-When consonant phoneme is produced on own, as in consonant
with vowel, is LONGEST in duration
-When combine into consonant cluster of 2 sounds, original sound
decreased in duration
-if 3 sounds together, shortest, but not common
,Speech Clarity Correct Answer - -When trying to be clear,
segment durations increase
-LINDBLOM - H & H HYPOTHESIS -HYPO and HYPER Hypothesis -
adjust articulatory effort based on circumstances
-articulatory undershoot - in rapid speech production
Prosody Correct Answer - •SS property bc overarches all
sounds made
•3 key elements of prosody: 1. PITCH (FF), 2. LOUDNESS
(INTENSITY), 3. DURATION
•respiratory system primary driving mechanism •disorders w/
prosodic insufficiency: insufficient ability to modulate/adjust
respiratory output or laryngeal probs preventing adjust
FF/intensity during speech
Two main classes of Prosody Correct Answer - 1. LINGUISTIC
PROSODY
-helps listener understand grammar of what said; (Q or statement?
-Linguistic stress is tool for language acquisition
2. AFFECTIVE PROSODY aka Emotional Prosody
Affective Prosody and Mother tongue Study Correct Answer - •
142 listeners, 21 languages, fluent in English (monoglots, polyglots,
ESL)
• listened to English neutral and angry
-Women, across groups, better at id of emotion context -polyglot
outperformed others, monoglot not statistically better than ESL
group
-Possibly learning language sensitizes to sounds
Speech Rate Correct Answer - -SS property bc affects all
sounds in utterance
-NOT linear stretching or compressing of all speech sounds
, -logical w/ way individual sounds produced (prolong
vowel/fricative, not affricate/stop)
-when speed or slow speech, sounds not affected equally
Clinical Rate Manipulation Correct Answer - -reduce speech
rate to improve intelligibility (helpful in foreign lang too)
-Pacing Boards - client push finger up/down over slot to produce
each syllable in isolation
-Alphabet Board -point to 1st letter of word, dramatic slow down
-metronome
velopharyngeal problems Correct Answer - -CLEFT PALATE -
anatomical limits, 1/750 births, Even w/ repair, poor
velopharyngeal closure
-HEARING IMPAIRMENT - probs managing velopharyngeal function
w/out auditory feedback
-different types of DYSARTHRIA from stroke, TBI, CP, progressive
neurological disorders -neuromuscular deficit, brain sends out
weak, uncoordinated signals to velopharyngeal port muscles
Nasal Terms Correct Answer - -NASALIZATION -not
necessarily disordered
-NASAL EMISSION -not normal, occurs w/ severe velopharyngeal
insufficiency, air escapes thru nose when oral pressure high
-HYPERNASALITY- abnormal, results in distortion of vowels,
because nasal and oral cavities linked and nasal cavity has damping
effect/ acts as antiresonance, which damps other formants
Nasality Problems Correct Answer - • velopharyngeal
incompetence
- velum fails to raise, stiffen adequately
- pharyngeal constrictors weak
• poor timing of velar movements
- muscle strength not impaired, timing inappropriate
