N3280 high risk pregnancy part 2
Exam Questions & Answers (2025) MOST UPDATED VERSION | A+ GRADED |
COMPREHENSIVE & VERIFIED!!
advanced maternal age - age 35 or older at the time of delivery (not conception)
what type of pregnancy is common in AMA - multiple pregnancies are more common (fraternal)
increased risks for mother of AMA - -gestational diabetes
-pregnancy induced hypertension
-preterm labor/delivery
-chromosomal abnormalities
-pregnancy lost
pregestational diabetes - -pancreas does not produce enough insulin to allow carbohydrate
metabolism
-glucose cant enter the cells and continues to circulate in the blood
energy source for pregestational diabetes - fats and proteins
ketosis - wasting of proteins
result of pregestational diabetes - -cellular dehydration due to osmotic force of glucose
concentration in the blood
-high levels of blood glucose eventually spill into urine
cardinal signs of diabetes - -polyuria
-polydipsia
,-polyphagia
-weight loss
type 1 pregestational diabetes - -autoimmune
-develops because of B cell destruction, complicated by vascualr disease, retinopathy, or
neuropathy
-insulin dependent
type 2 pregestational diabetes - -most common
-combination of insulin secretory defect and insulin deficiency
gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) - glucose intolerance with onset during pregnancy (usually
around 24 weeks)
when should you work to stabilize blood sugar levels - before pregnancy
infant risks for hyperglycemia during pregnancy - -early embryonic/fetal development can case
cardiovascular, renal, and neurodevelopmental congenital malformations
-can lead to fetal death
-macrosomia
-newborn hypoglycemia later in pregnancy
DM management during pregnancy - -complete history
-physical exam
-diagnosis if necessary
-lab tests
-patient should be monitored frequently
, -eye exam due to increased damage potential
lab tests for DM - -baseline renal function
-UA and culture
-glycosylated hemoglobin A
dietary changes for DM pregnancy - -careful carbohydrate counting is preferred dietary
approach to glycemic control
-registered dietitian or certified diabetic educator should be added to the team
-advised diet
advised diet for DM - -complex, high fiber carbohydrates
-protein
-unsaturated fats
-limit artificial sweeteners
treatment for DM - -insulins (preferred treatment for non-diet/exercise controlled diabetes)
-oral hypoglycemic agents (cross placenta)
-self-monitoring, glucose logs
fasting and premeal glucose goal - <95 mg/dL
one-hour postprandial glucose goal - <140 mg/dL
two-hours postprandial glucose goal - <120 mg/dL
Exam Questions & Answers (2025) MOST UPDATED VERSION | A+ GRADED |
COMPREHENSIVE & VERIFIED!!
advanced maternal age - age 35 or older at the time of delivery (not conception)
what type of pregnancy is common in AMA - multiple pregnancies are more common (fraternal)
increased risks for mother of AMA - -gestational diabetes
-pregnancy induced hypertension
-preterm labor/delivery
-chromosomal abnormalities
-pregnancy lost
pregestational diabetes - -pancreas does not produce enough insulin to allow carbohydrate
metabolism
-glucose cant enter the cells and continues to circulate in the blood
energy source for pregestational diabetes - fats and proteins
ketosis - wasting of proteins
result of pregestational diabetes - -cellular dehydration due to osmotic force of glucose
concentration in the blood
-high levels of blood glucose eventually spill into urine
cardinal signs of diabetes - -polyuria
-polydipsia
,-polyphagia
-weight loss
type 1 pregestational diabetes - -autoimmune
-develops because of B cell destruction, complicated by vascualr disease, retinopathy, or
neuropathy
-insulin dependent
type 2 pregestational diabetes - -most common
-combination of insulin secretory defect and insulin deficiency
gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) - glucose intolerance with onset during pregnancy (usually
around 24 weeks)
when should you work to stabilize blood sugar levels - before pregnancy
infant risks for hyperglycemia during pregnancy - -early embryonic/fetal development can case
cardiovascular, renal, and neurodevelopmental congenital malformations
-can lead to fetal death
-macrosomia
-newborn hypoglycemia later in pregnancy
DM management during pregnancy - -complete history
-physical exam
-diagnosis if necessary
-lab tests
-patient should be monitored frequently
, -eye exam due to increased damage potential
lab tests for DM - -baseline renal function
-UA and culture
-glycosylated hemoglobin A
dietary changes for DM pregnancy - -careful carbohydrate counting is preferred dietary
approach to glycemic control
-registered dietitian or certified diabetic educator should be added to the team
-advised diet
advised diet for DM - -complex, high fiber carbohydrates
-protein
-unsaturated fats
-limit artificial sweeteners
treatment for DM - -insulins (preferred treatment for non-diet/exercise controlled diabetes)
-oral hypoglycemic agents (cross placenta)
-self-monitoring, glucose logs
fasting and premeal glucose goal - <95 mg/dL
one-hour postprandial glucose goal - <140 mg/dL
two-hours postprandial glucose goal - <120 mg/dL
