PROSTHETICS FINAL EXAM WITH QUESTIONS
AND CO RRECT ANSWERS LATEST VERSION
2025-2026.
Elation Foot - ✔✔Single axis ankle combined with dynamic carbon fiber keel
Progressive stiffness of foot's lightweight keel adjusts to load applied
Greater load, more food blade compresses against "rocker plate" relatively shortening
foot lever arm, making stiffness appropriate to individual
Major advantage: adjust heel up to 2" (increase shoe selection)
Cosmetically appealing - can fit in many types of shoes
SACH Foot - ✔✔At heel strike, heel wedge compresses to theoretically
simulate plantarflexion and provide shock absorption
However, some evidence suggests that a dorsiflexion moment actually occurs with cushion
heel foot designs
Stationary Attachment Flexible Endoskeletal (SAFE) Foot - ✔✔Rigid polyurethane
elastomer section at 45 degree angle in safittal plant to stimulate human subtalar joint
K2 Sensation - ✔✔Provides multiaxial range of motion cushioning each step while
helping maintain control over barriers such as ramps or small obstacles like curbs
Seattle Foot - ✔✔First of dynamic Response feet
Heel has storing energy and provides spring/push off
Seattle Lite Foot - ✔✔1/3 lighter than original b/c decreased bolt block
Permits use by Symes amputee and adaptation to other ankle units
More pop. than original
,Carbon Copy II - ✔✔Solid ankle design available with tree durometer of heel
cushion polyurethane foam plugs
Double carbon-fiber compsite keel provides two-stage resistance at terminal stance
flex foot modular III - ✔✔Lightweight graphite composite foot prescribed specific to
inidivudual amputees using eight, acitivty level, residual limb characteristics determined
by orientation and thickness of reinforcement fibers
Ultra lightweight with two leaf springs
Uses entire distance from socket, not just length of keel
Flex Foot - ✔✔90% energy storage and return
walk faster
Increased dorsiflexion
greater stability during late stance reduced forces of sound limb during early stance
Proportional response - ✔✔As heel is loaded, its unique design and nature of carbon
fiber allow heel to store energy and absorb shock loads. Combined design of heel and
forefoot creates timely and controlled plantarflexion during early stance phase = stability
Full length Keel - ✔✔Provides essential stability at mid-stance and prevents drop off in
late stance phase
Full keel supports user througout stance phase and prevents uneven stride length or
excessive loading at heel contact of contralateral foot
Split toe - ✔✔Adds invertion and eversion
Enables foot to function uniformly with toe deflection on uneven terrain
Available on all flex feet
Vari-flex - ✔✔Light weight
, Second highest energy return
Slender design = females prefer
Versatility of system facilitates adjustments to system as pediatric amputee grows
Talux - ✔✔Polyurethane rubber keels permits improve adaptation to terrain with
smoother transition of body weight over carbon fiber dynamic response footplate
Dynamic heel strap assists with heel off and transition of weight over foot
Springlight foot - ✔✔Long lead spring desing runs length of foot to distal end of socket
Two layers of carbon and fiberflass filaments in epoxy resin matrix surround single layer
of elastromeic rubber
Luxon - ✔✔Split foot floate combined with elastomer cushioned keel permits
shock absorption and smoother transition over foot
Shock Absorbers - ✔✔Amputees find that shock absorbers offer greater comfort during ADL
Re-Flex Vertical Shock Pylon - ✔✔First prosthetic to successfully intergrate shock
absorption system
Uses carbon fiber compression spring and telescoping tubes that provide up to an inch
of vertical compression
Stores and releases energy in pure vertical mode as well as horizontal mode
Pathfinder Foot - ✔✔J-shaped spring is separated form composite footplate a
pneumatic heel spring for shock absoprtion and to assist in transition of body weight over
foot
Air pump permits adjustment in heel resistance and sock attenuation
Ceterus - ✔✔Progessive resistance provides natural flexibility without stopping abruptly
User can fully control shock pylon
AND CO RRECT ANSWERS LATEST VERSION
2025-2026.
Elation Foot - ✔✔Single axis ankle combined with dynamic carbon fiber keel
Progressive stiffness of foot's lightweight keel adjusts to load applied
Greater load, more food blade compresses against "rocker plate" relatively shortening
foot lever arm, making stiffness appropriate to individual
Major advantage: adjust heel up to 2" (increase shoe selection)
Cosmetically appealing - can fit in many types of shoes
SACH Foot - ✔✔At heel strike, heel wedge compresses to theoretically
simulate plantarflexion and provide shock absorption
However, some evidence suggests that a dorsiflexion moment actually occurs with cushion
heel foot designs
Stationary Attachment Flexible Endoskeletal (SAFE) Foot - ✔✔Rigid polyurethane
elastomer section at 45 degree angle in safittal plant to stimulate human subtalar joint
K2 Sensation - ✔✔Provides multiaxial range of motion cushioning each step while
helping maintain control over barriers such as ramps or small obstacles like curbs
Seattle Foot - ✔✔First of dynamic Response feet
Heel has storing energy and provides spring/push off
Seattle Lite Foot - ✔✔1/3 lighter than original b/c decreased bolt block
Permits use by Symes amputee and adaptation to other ankle units
More pop. than original
,Carbon Copy II - ✔✔Solid ankle design available with tree durometer of heel
cushion polyurethane foam plugs
Double carbon-fiber compsite keel provides two-stage resistance at terminal stance
flex foot modular III - ✔✔Lightweight graphite composite foot prescribed specific to
inidivudual amputees using eight, acitivty level, residual limb characteristics determined
by orientation and thickness of reinforcement fibers
Ultra lightweight with two leaf springs
Uses entire distance from socket, not just length of keel
Flex Foot - ✔✔90% energy storage and return
walk faster
Increased dorsiflexion
greater stability during late stance reduced forces of sound limb during early stance
Proportional response - ✔✔As heel is loaded, its unique design and nature of carbon
fiber allow heel to store energy and absorb shock loads. Combined design of heel and
forefoot creates timely and controlled plantarflexion during early stance phase = stability
Full length Keel - ✔✔Provides essential stability at mid-stance and prevents drop off in
late stance phase
Full keel supports user througout stance phase and prevents uneven stride length or
excessive loading at heel contact of contralateral foot
Split toe - ✔✔Adds invertion and eversion
Enables foot to function uniformly with toe deflection on uneven terrain
Available on all flex feet
Vari-flex - ✔✔Light weight
, Second highest energy return
Slender design = females prefer
Versatility of system facilitates adjustments to system as pediatric amputee grows
Talux - ✔✔Polyurethane rubber keels permits improve adaptation to terrain with
smoother transition of body weight over carbon fiber dynamic response footplate
Dynamic heel strap assists with heel off and transition of weight over foot
Springlight foot - ✔✔Long lead spring desing runs length of foot to distal end of socket
Two layers of carbon and fiberflass filaments in epoxy resin matrix surround single layer
of elastromeic rubber
Luxon - ✔✔Split foot floate combined with elastomer cushioned keel permits
shock absorption and smoother transition over foot
Shock Absorbers - ✔✔Amputees find that shock absorbers offer greater comfort during ADL
Re-Flex Vertical Shock Pylon - ✔✔First prosthetic to successfully intergrate shock
absorption system
Uses carbon fiber compression spring and telescoping tubes that provide up to an inch
of vertical compression
Stores and releases energy in pure vertical mode as well as horizontal mode
Pathfinder Foot - ✔✔J-shaped spring is separated form composite footplate a
pneumatic heel spring for shock absoprtion and to assist in transition of body weight over
foot
Air pump permits adjustment in heel resistance and sock attenuation
Ceterus - ✔✔Progessive resistance provides natural flexibility without stopping abruptly
User can fully control shock pylon
