ATI Med Surg Pre-test/ Post-test Exam 2025

1. The community health nurse is designing programs to reduce kidney problems and kidney injury among the general public. In order to do so, the nurse targets health promotion and compliance with therapy for people with which conditions? a. Diabetes mellitus and hypertension b. Frequent episodes of sexually transmitted disease c. Osteoporosis and other bone disease d. Gastroenteritis and poor eating habits 2. What is the rationale for administering tissue plasminogen activator within 4.5 hours of a thrombotic stroke? A. To increase platelet aggregation B. To cause fibrinolysis of the clot C. To decrease the risk of infection D. To reduce the risk of vasospasm 3. Which test is the best tool for diagnosing heart failure? A. Multigated angiographic scan B. Echocardiography C. Pulmonary artery catheter D. Radionuclide studies 4. A patient/client with end stage renal disease is scheduled for the first hemodialysis treatment. The patient/ client ask the nurse what common complications may occur from the treatment. What would be the nurse’s best reply? A. High blood sugar levels and low protein levels may occur B. Excessive bleeding therefore no invasive procedure should be after hemodialysis C. Confusion and diahhrea may occur D. Headaches and nausea are common E. Hypotension and muscle cramping may occur 5. A patient is admitted for emergency surgery after an accident. In addition, the patient has a pustular rash related to secondary syphilis. What instruction does the nurse give to the Unlicensed Assistive personnel (UAP)? A. No instructions are given to (UAP), because patient confidentiality is confidential B. If the skin is open and draining pus or fluid use gloves during patient care C. Gloves should be worn at all times when touching the patient D. The lesions are highly contagious so the patient should do his own hygiene care 6. During the early emergent phase of burns, the nurse understands that analgesics should be given intravenously for which of the following reasons? a. Absorption of oral or intramuscular drugs is diminished because of impaired circulation. b. Analgesics do not need to be administered as frequently when they are given intravenously. c. Larger doses of narcotics can be given when administered intravenously than when given intramuscularly. d. Respiratory depression is easier to diagnose and treat when narcotics are administered intravenously. 7. How is neomycin sulfate used to treat patients with cirrhosis? a. It prevents further infection of the liver b. It destroys the normal flora of the bowel c. It treats infections the patient has d. It restores normal function to the liver cells 8. A patient/ client has been brought to the emergency department with multiple trauma after a motor vehicle accident. After the nurse stabilizes the patient, which of the following will the nurse perform? Select all that apply. a. Check IV for patency b. Splint fractures c. Draw blood for a type and cross d. Assist the physician with the insertion of a chest tube e. Perform a rapid physical resuscitation 9. The male patient/ client with a C6 spinal cord injury tells the home health nurse he has had a severe pounding headache for the last two hours. Which nursing intervention should the home health nurse implement? a. Inquire when the patient/client had his last meal b. Determine when the patient/client has last urinated c. Ask the patient/client if he has taken any medication for the headache d. Check the client/patient respiratory rate immediately 10. A patient admitted with a head injury has admission vital signs of temperature 98.6° F (37° C), blood pressure 128/68, pulse 110, and respirations 26. Which of these vital signs, if taken 1 hour after admission, will be of most concern to the nurse with Cushing triad? a. Blood pressure 130/72, pulse 90, respirations 32 b. Blood pressure 148/78, pulse 112, respirations 28 c. Blood pressure 156/60, pulse 60, respirations 14 d. Blood pressure 110/70, pulse 120, respirations 30 Rationale: Systolic hypertension with widening pulse pressure, bradycardia, and respiratory changes represent Cushing's triad and indicate that the ICP has increased and brain herniation may be imminent unless immediate action is taken to reduce ICP. The other vital signs may indicate the need for changes in treatment, but they are not indicative of an immediately life-threatening process.