Animal Science 2200 – Midterm 1 Complete Study Guide with Questions and
Answers (Ohio State University, 2024)
comprehensive Q&A-based review for Midterm 1 of Animal Science 2200 at
Ohio State University. It covers a wide range of topics including the history
and role of animals in art, the evolution of the human-animal bond,
domestication processes, animal products and their uses, global consumption
trends, behavioural science, research ethics, and animal welfare. With
detailed and factual answers, it serves as a thorough and structured resource
for mastering the course material and preparing for assessments.
Latest Updated Exam Study Guide 2025/2026
What is true about animals in art? - ansWe don't always recognize their aesthetic value
When and how did the behavior of animals begin to get documented? - ans17000 BC through
cave paintings in the Paleolithic period
What was the significance of the painting The White Heifer That Traveled? - ansIt puts the
animal at the forefront, which represents the value of the animal
Who painted The White Heifer That Traveled? - ansThomas Weaver
What do Virgil's Ecologues represent? - ansThey represent the pastoral life following
Caesar's assassination
What does The Nightmare represent? - ansThere are multiple different interpretations, but
Peffer's interpretation is that the incubus resting on Anna Landult represents her rejection of
the artist and how she regrets it.
Who painted The Nightmare? - ansIt was painted by Henry Ruseli
What is the significance of The Girl With Chickens? - ansBecame the main reason why art is
part of the school curriculum.
Who painted The Girl With Chickens? - ansIt was painted by Marcus Mote
What is true about the human-animal bond? - ansWe've been forming it for quite some time
When did the human-animal bond begin to exist? - ansExisted long before domestication
began, although it has been strengthened by domestication
How long ago does domestication stretch back? - ansBetween 15,000 and 17,000 years ago
What types of animals can bonds be made with? - ansCan be made with a variety of animals,
including companion animals and livestock
What is there a growing understanding of about the human-animal bond? - ansThat it is
mutually beneficial
What is true about bonds with animals? - ansThey can improve human health
What is true about animals? - ansThey are symbiotic
How long has the relationship between humans and animals been cultivated and why? -
ansRelationships between humans and other animals is of mutual benefit and has been
cultivated for over 1000s of years, especially since domestication. Humans and animals are
interdependent on one another
What do we get out of animal systems? - ansFood, companionship, fiber, labor,
transportation, service/rescue/therapy, entertainment, slaughter by-products, models,
research, energy, and financial stability
What was the main reason for animals being domesticated? - ansThe need for a steady food
source
What is lateral transfer? - ansNutrients that are consumed are directly bioavailable. It is more
efficient than conversion
What is a good example of lateral transfer and why? - ansMeat, because the body can
immediately use the nutrients that are in it as soon as it is digested
What is conversion? - ansNutrients must be funneled through something else first before they
can be utilized in the human body. There is a greater energy loss than with lateral transfer
,Animal Science 2200 – Midterm 1 Complete Study Guide with Questions and
Answers (Ohio State University, 2024)
comprehensive Q&A-based review for Midterm 1 of Animal Science 2200 at
Ohio State University. It covers a wide range of topics including the history
and role of animals in art, the evolution of the human-animal bond,
domestication processes, animal products and their uses, global consumption
trends, behavioural science, research ethics, and animal welfare. With
detailed and factual answers, it serves as a thorough and structured resource
for mastering the course material and preparing for assessments.
Latest Updated Exam Study Guide 2025/2026
What is an example of conversion? - ansGoat eats grass, we drink goat milk, we get nutrients
What are horses technically considered? - ansThey are technically considered to be livestock,
although many people have them as companion animals
What types of fiber can we get from animal products? - ansLeather, wool, cashmere, angora,
and feathers
How can animals be used for labor? - ansWorking in the field, draft purposes, etc.
What subculture often uses animals for labor? - ansThe Amish
How and why are animals used for transportation? - ansThey can be used in a horse-and-
buggy setup in order to move goods from one location to another
What types of animals are common in the service/rescue/therapy occupation? - ansDogs,
although there are many different species used for therapy
What does the ADA classify dogs as? - ansService animals
Why can miniature equids be problematic? - ansSome places do not accept them as service
animals
What exotic animal is often used as a therapy animal? - ansCapuchin monkeys
How can animals be used as entertainment? - ansZoo, movies, TV shows, and the circus
What do zoos help to do? - ansThey help with conservation efforts
What are some examples of products made from slaughter by-products? - ansBlood meal,
bone china, violin strings, and intestines can be used for curing meat
What do slaughter by-products help to do? - ansThey help to offset the price that we pay for
the products that we do buy and eat
How can animal models be used? - ansCan give us knowledge that can be applied to another
animal system
What is a model? - ansIt is a subset of research
What must a product do before it can hit the human market? - ansIt must go through the
animal market first
How can animals be used for testing human products? - ansIntroduce a chemical compound
to an animal cell for testing (usually a rat or a mouse is used). If the test is successful, the
chemical is then tested on dogs or primates that are more similar to humans
Can animals be used as models for other animals and what is an example? - ansYes. Pigs and
dogs have similarities, so a pig can become a model for a dog
How can models be used? - ansAfter data is gathered, the data is put into programs that can
predict the impact on the environment
What is research used for? - ansTo improve human conditions, to improve animal conditions,
for understanding how different systems work, and to improve animals' efficiency and/or
health
How can animals and animal products be used for energy? - ansSome countries use elephants
to clear trees instead of machines and some countries still burn dung for light and heat
How can animals provide financial stability? - ansPeople can sell animals, and animals can
go towards a savings account, since anything can be exchanged for goods and services
,Animal Science 2200 – Midterm 1 Complete Study Guide with Questions and
Answers (Ohio State University, 2024)
comprehensive Q&A-based review for Midterm 1 of Animal Science 2200 at
Ohio State University. It covers a wide range of topics including the history
and role of animals in art, the evolution of the human-animal bond,
domestication processes, animal products and their uses, global consumption
trends, behavioural science, research ethics, and animal welfare. With
detailed and factual answers, it serves as a thorough and structured resource
for mastering the course material and preparing for assessments.
Latest Updated Exam Study Guide 2025/2026
What is an omnivore? - ansA being that eats animals and plants
What was likely the earliest omnivore? - ansHomo erectus
What is a herbivore? - ansA being that eats only plants
What is true about herbivores? - ansThey would have to have a larger gut since they would
have to hold on to plants longer to get the nutrients out of them
What was likely the earliest herbivore? - ansLucy
What is a carnivore? - ansA being that eats meat
What does eating meat mean? - ansThe gut would be able to shrink. The calories would
immediately enter the system, so the meat wouldn't need to be stored in the gut for long
periods of time.
Since carnivore calories are not needed for digestion, where did the extra energy go? - ansIt
went to the brain
What were likely the earliest carnivores? - ansEarly mammals likely began as carnivores
Why is meat considered to be a compact source of nutrition? - ansIt has no carbs, but it is
high in most everything else
When did human digestive physiology begin to change? - ansIt began to change when
humans began to eat meat
What percentage of people in the US consume meat? - ans96% of the US consumes meat
What percentage of people in the US are vegetarian? - ans3%, but it goes to 8% if you
consider other types of vegetarianism, not just strict vegetarianism
What percentage of people in the US are vegan and why is the number so low? - ans1%,
because it is difficult due to the cost and availability of vegan food
What individuals are more likely to be vegetarian? - ansPeople between the ages of 15 - 18
What is the recommended dietary intake for protein? - ansSelect a variety of protein foods to
improve nutrient intake and health benefits, including at least 8 ounces of cooked seafood per
week
What is considered to be part of the dairy food group? - ansAll fluid milk products and many
foods made form milk are considered to be a part of this food group
How has the Food Pyramid changed over the years? - ansIt started out as a pyramid, before a
man was added climbing up the side, before it was changed to a plate
What distinguishes complete or complementary nutrient sources? - ansAmino acids
What are amino acids? - ansThey are the building blocks of protein
What are complementary nutrients? - ansThey are things that you can combine with other
foods for nutrients
What is true about complete nutrients? - ansThey give you all of the essential amino acids
What are some examples of complete nutrients? - ansBeef, pork, poultry, fish, eggs, dairy,
soy, quinoa, and chia
Why are complementary nutrients not always sustainable? - ansIt is due to the cost and the
knowledge required
, Animal Science 2200 – Midterm 1 Complete Study Guide with Questions and
Answers (Ohio State University, 2024)
comprehensive Q&A-based review for Midterm 1 of Animal Science 2200 at
Ohio State University. It covers a wide range of topics including the history
and role of animals in art, the evolution of the human-animal bond,
domestication processes, animal products and their uses, global consumption
trends, behavioural science, research ethics, and animal welfare. With
detailed and factual answers, it serves as a thorough and structured resource
for mastering the course material and preparing for assessments.
Latest Updated Exam Study Guide 2025/2026
What are some examples of complementary nutrients? - ansVegetables, grains, nuts, and
seeds
What are plant calories? - ansCarbohydrates
Where do meat calories come from? - ansFats in the meat
In the US, what percentage of our calories come from animal products? - ans67% of US
calories come from animal products
In the rest of the world, what percentage of the calories come from animal products? -
ans33% of global calories come from animal products
Where do the US and a lot of the world get most of their protein? - ansThey get most of their
protein from animal products
What is a big problem globally and why? - ansProtein malnutrition, because there's a
restriction in transporting animal products to places that needs them
What is true about the US and animal products? - ansThe US overconsumes animal products
How does the use of animal products in the diet have a socioeconomic influence? - ansAs we
have more expendable income, we put more money towards food, especially animal products.
Education also has an influence on the types of products purchased
What percentage of money does the US spend on food annually? - ans10% of money is spent
on food
What percentage of money do other parts of the world spend on food annually? - ans70% of
money is spent on food
What happens as there is an increase in money? - ansThere is an increase in meat and dairy
products consumed
What does more money mean from a population standpoint? - ansMore money means more
children in the household, but the relationship between money and animal products consumed
still holds true
What does increased education lead to the purchase of? - ansHigher quality animal products
such as seafood
What does decreased education lead to the purchase of? - ansLower quality, lower cost
animal products such as processed and ground products
What is per capita consumption and how is it determined? - ansIt is an estimate of how much
you consume on an annual basis and it is determined through a calculation
Annually, how many pounds of chicken per person, per year does the US consume? - ans63
pounds of chicken
Annually, how many pounds of lamb/mutton per person, per year does the US consume? -
ans1 pound of lamb/mutton
What are estimates based on? - ansAppearance and disappearance (pounds of chicken that
enter the market and pounds of chicken that leave the market. This number is then divided by
the amount of people in the US based on a census. However, it does not include people not
counted and food wasted)
What animals are on the market? - ansChicken, pork, goat, turkey, fish, sheep, and veal
Answers (Ohio State University, 2024)
comprehensive Q&A-based review for Midterm 1 of Animal Science 2200 at
Ohio State University. It covers a wide range of topics including the history
and role of animals in art, the evolution of the human-animal bond,
domestication processes, animal products and their uses, global consumption
trends, behavioural science, research ethics, and animal welfare. With
detailed and factual answers, it serves as a thorough and structured resource
for mastering the course material and preparing for assessments.
Latest Updated Exam Study Guide 2025/2026
What is true about animals in art? - ansWe don't always recognize their aesthetic value
When and how did the behavior of animals begin to get documented? - ans17000 BC through
cave paintings in the Paleolithic period
What was the significance of the painting The White Heifer That Traveled? - ansIt puts the
animal at the forefront, which represents the value of the animal
Who painted The White Heifer That Traveled? - ansThomas Weaver
What do Virgil's Ecologues represent? - ansThey represent the pastoral life following
Caesar's assassination
What does The Nightmare represent? - ansThere are multiple different interpretations, but
Peffer's interpretation is that the incubus resting on Anna Landult represents her rejection of
the artist and how she regrets it.
Who painted The Nightmare? - ansIt was painted by Henry Ruseli
What is the significance of The Girl With Chickens? - ansBecame the main reason why art is
part of the school curriculum.
Who painted The Girl With Chickens? - ansIt was painted by Marcus Mote
What is true about the human-animal bond? - ansWe've been forming it for quite some time
When did the human-animal bond begin to exist? - ansExisted long before domestication
began, although it has been strengthened by domestication
How long ago does domestication stretch back? - ansBetween 15,000 and 17,000 years ago
What types of animals can bonds be made with? - ansCan be made with a variety of animals,
including companion animals and livestock
What is there a growing understanding of about the human-animal bond? - ansThat it is
mutually beneficial
What is true about bonds with animals? - ansThey can improve human health
What is true about animals? - ansThey are symbiotic
How long has the relationship between humans and animals been cultivated and why? -
ansRelationships between humans and other animals is of mutual benefit and has been
cultivated for over 1000s of years, especially since domestication. Humans and animals are
interdependent on one another
What do we get out of animal systems? - ansFood, companionship, fiber, labor,
transportation, service/rescue/therapy, entertainment, slaughter by-products, models,
research, energy, and financial stability
What was the main reason for animals being domesticated? - ansThe need for a steady food
source
What is lateral transfer? - ansNutrients that are consumed are directly bioavailable. It is more
efficient than conversion
What is a good example of lateral transfer and why? - ansMeat, because the body can
immediately use the nutrients that are in it as soon as it is digested
What is conversion? - ansNutrients must be funneled through something else first before they
can be utilized in the human body. There is a greater energy loss than with lateral transfer
,Animal Science 2200 – Midterm 1 Complete Study Guide with Questions and
Answers (Ohio State University, 2024)
comprehensive Q&A-based review for Midterm 1 of Animal Science 2200 at
Ohio State University. It covers a wide range of topics including the history
and role of animals in art, the evolution of the human-animal bond,
domestication processes, animal products and their uses, global consumption
trends, behavioural science, research ethics, and animal welfare. With
detailed and factual answers, it serves as a thorough and structured resource
for mastering the course material and preparing for assessments.
Latest Updated Exam Study Guide 2025/2026
What is an example of conversion? - ansGoat eats grass, we drink goat milk, we get nutrients
What are horses technically considered? - ansThey are technically considered to be livestock,
although many people have them as companion animals
What types of fiber can we get from animal products? - ansLeather, wool, cashmere, angora,
and feathers
How can animals be used for labor? - ansWorking in the field, draft purposes, etc.
What subculture often uses animals for labor? - ansThe Amish
How and why are animals used for transportation? - ansThey can be used in a horse-and-
buggy setup in order to move goods from one location to another
What types of animals are common in the service/rescue/therapy occupation? - ansDogs,
although there are many different species used for therapy
What does the ADA classify dogs as? - ansService animals
Why can miniature equids be problematic? - ansSome places do not accept them as service
animals
What exotic animal is often used as a therapy animal? - ansCapuchin monkeys
How can animals be used as entertainment? - ansZoo, movies, TV shows, and the circus
What do zoos help to do? - ansThey help with conservation efforts
What are some examples of products made from slaughter by-products? - ansBlood meal,
bone china, violin strings, and intestines can be used for curing meat
What do slaughter by-products help to do? - ansThey help to offset the price that we pay for
the products that we do buy and eat
How can animal models be used? - ansCan give us knowledge that can be applied to another
animal system
What is a model? - ansIt is a subset of research
What must a product do before it can hit the human market? - ansIt must go through the
animal market first
How can animals be used for testing human products? - ansIntroduce a chemical compound
to an animal cell for testing (usually a rat or a mouse is used). If the test is successful, the
chemical is then tested on dogs or primates that are more similar to humans
Can animals be used as models for other animals and what is an example? - ansYes. Pigs and
dogs have similarities, so a pig can become a model for a dog
How can models be used? - ansAfter data is gathered, the data is put into programs that can
predict the impact on the environment
What is research used for? - ansTo improve human conditions, to improve animal conditions,
for understanding how different systems work, and to improve animals' efficiency and/or
health
How can animals and animal products be used for energy? - ansSome countries use elephants
to clear trees instead of machines and some countries still burn dung for light and heat
How can animals provide financial stability? - ansPeople can sell animals, and animals can
go towards a savings account, since anything can be exchanged for goods and services
,Animal Science 2200 – Midterm 1 Complete Study Guide with Questions and
Answers (Ohio State University, 2024)
comprehensive Q&A-based review for Midterm 1 of Animal Science 2200 at
Ohio State University. It covers a wide range of topics including the history
and role of animals in art, the evolution of the human-animal bond,
domestication processes, animal products and their uses, global consumption
trends, behavioural science, research ethics, and animal welfare. With
detailed and factual answers, it serves as a thorough and structured resource
for mastering the course material and preparing for assessments.
Latest Updated Exam Study Guide 2025/2026
What is an omnivore? - ansA being that eats animals and plants
What was likely the earliest omnivore? - ansHomo erectus
What is a herbivore? - ansA being that eats only plants
What is true about herbivores? - ansThey would have to have a larger gut since they would
have to hold on to plants longer to get the nutrients out of them
What was likely the earliest herbivore? - ansLucy
What is a carnivore? - ansA being that eats meat
What does eating meat mean? - ansThe gut would be able to shrink. The calories would
immediately enter the system, so the meat wouldn't need to be stored in the gut for long
periods of time.
Since carnivore calories are not needed for digestion, where did the extra energy go? - ansIt
went to the brain
What were likely the earliest carnivores? - ansEarly mammals likely began as carnivores
Why is meat considered to be a compact source of nutrition? - ansIt has no carbs, but it is
high in most everything else
When did human digestive physiology begin to change? - ansIt began to change when
humans began to eat meat
What percentage of people in the US consume meat? - ans96% of the US consumes meat
What percentage of people in the US are vegetarian? - ans3%, but it goes to 8% if you
consider other types of vegetarianism, not just strict vegetarianism
What percentage of people in the US are vegan and why is the number so low? - ans1%,
because it is difficult due to the cost and availability of vegan food
What individuals are more likely to be vegetarian? - ansPeople between the ages of 15 - 18
What is the recommended dietary intake for protein? - ansSelect a variety of protein foods to
improve nutrient intake and health benefits, including at least 8 ounces of cooked seafood per
week
What is considered to be part of the dairy food group? - ansAll fluid milk products and many
foods made form milk are considered to be a part of this food group
How has the Food Pyramid changed over the years? - ansIt started out as a pyramid, before a
man was added climbing up the side, before it was changed to a plate
What distinguishes complete or complementary nutrient sources? - ansAmino acids
What are amino acids? - ansThey are the building blocks of protein
What are complementary nutrients? - ansThey are things that you can combine with other
foods for nutrients
What is true about complete nutrients? - ansThey give you all of the essential amino acids
What are some examples of complete nutrients? - ansBeef, pork, poultry, fish, eggs, dairy,
soy, quinoa, and chia
Why are complementary nutrients not always sustainable? - ansIt is due to the cost and the
knowledge required
, Animal Science 2200 – Midterm 1 Complete Study Guide with Questions and
Answers (Ohio State University, 2024)
comprehensive Q&A-based review for Midterm 1 of Animal Science 2200 at
Ohio State University. It covers a wide range of topics including the history
and role of animals in art, the evolution of the human-animal bond,
domestication processes, animal products and their uses, global consumption
trends, behavioural science, research ethics, and animal welfare. With
detailed and factual answers, it serves as a thorough and structured resource
for mastering the course material and preparing for assessments.
Latest Updated Exam Study Guide 2025/2026
What are some examples of complementary nutrients? - ansVegetables, grains, nuts, and
seeds
What are plant calories? - ansCarbohydrates
Where do meat calories come from? - ansFats in the meat
In the US, what percentage of our calories come from animal products? - ans67% of US
calories come from animal products
In the rest of the world, what percentage of the calories come from animal products? -
ans33% of global calories come from animal products
Where do the US and a lot of the world get most of their protein? - ansThey get most of their
protein from animal products
What is a big problem globally and why? - ansProtein malnutrition, because there's a
restriction in transporting animal products to places that needs them
What is true about the US and animal products? - ansThe US overconsumes animal products
How does the use of animal products in the diet have a socioeconomic influence? - ansAs we
have more expendable income, we put more money towards food, especially animal products.
Education also has an influence on the types of products purchased
What percentage of money does the US spend on food annually? - ans10% of money is spent
on food
What percentage of money do other parts of the world spend on food annually? - ans70% of
money is spent on food
What happens as there is an increase in money? - ansThere is an increase in meat and dairy
products consumed
What does more money mean from a population standpoint? - ansMore money means more
children in the household, but the relationship between money and animal products consumed
still holds true
What does increased education lead to the purchase of? - ansHigher quality animal products
such as seafood
What does decreased education lead to the purchase of? - ansLower quality, lower cost
animal products such as processed and ground products
What is per capita consumption and how is it determined? - ansIt is an estimate of how much
you consume on an annual basis and it is determined through a calculation
Annually, how many pounds of chicken per person, per year does the US consume? - ans63
pounds of chicken
Annually, how many pounds of lamb/mutton per person, per year does the US consume? -
ans1 pound of lamb/mutton
What are estimates based on? - ansAppearance and disappearance (pounds of chicken that
enter the market and pounds of chicken that leave the market. This number is then divided by
the amount of people in the US based on a census. However, it does not include people not
counted and food wasted)
What animals are on the market? - ansChicken, pork, goat, turkey, fish, sheep, and veal
