PAEA EOC 2025, PAEA Summative
Practice, physician assistant exam, EOC
questions and answers, PAEA 150
questions, PA exam prep, graded A+
List at least three major changes that occurred in medical education as a result of the Flexner
Report, released in 1910. ...Answer Is...Closure of 50% existing medical schools, 2) increased
sciences in curricula, 3) decrease in women and minorities in medicine, and 4) medical schools
become attached to academic centers - universities and colleges.
Describe what medicine and the delivery of health care services looked like in the first half of
the 20th century. ...Answer Is...The medical profession was mostly white and male dominated,
there were more generalists than specialists, most physicians worked in private office-based
practices, fee-for-service was the primary method of payment (out-of-pocket), and hospital cost
per capita was low.
Obj. 3: Describe the impact of WWII and its aftermath on medicine, and the delivery of health
care services in the 1950s and 1960s. ...Answer Is...There was an increase in number of
specialists compared to generalists, there was a shift from office to hospital care, there was an
increase in availability of third party health insurance, there was an increase in diagnostic and
therapeutic procedures that could be offered to the public, and there was an increase in the
nation's gross domestic product, with associated increase in family incomes, that increased the
demand for health care services.
Explain why efforts to pass national health care insurance failed in the 1940s and
1950s. ...Answer Is...National Health Insurance was viewed by the American Medical Association
and by right-wing conservative politicians as "socialized medicine", and was viewed even as
being "communistic" during a
time of cold war fears; national health insurance was viewed by some as being un-American
with a threatened loss of freedom of choice.
Explain why Medicare and Medicaid national health insurance plans became necessary in the
1960s ...Answer Is...Many Americans received third-party health insurance as a benefit of
employment. Without employment, older Americans, the disabled and the poor could not afford
, third-party insurance - so the federal government intervened, to assure they received access to
health care services.
List four factors that fueled the demand for health care services in the 1960s. ...Answer Is...An
increase in per capita income provided more money to spend on health care, 2) An
improvement in hospital standards and the availability of advanced diagnostic and therapeutic
technologies improved hospital services and outcomes, 3) An increase in availability of employer
prepaid health insurance plans, including hospital insurance, provided greater access to services,
and 4) The enactment of Medicare and Medicaid health plans for the elderly, disabled and poor,
increased access to services.
Name four socioeconomic and political issues that caused civil unrest during the early
1960s. ...Answer Is...1) Unpopular war in Vietnam, 2) Segregation of African Americans,
particularly in the South, 3) Women's Rights and 4) Farm Workers' Rights.
Name three major pieces of legislation that were passed by Congress in the 1960s to address
civil rights and health care issues. ...Answer Is...Civil Rights Act and 2) Equal Opportunity Acts
passed in 1964 and 3) Medicare and Medicaid Acts passed in 1965.
Describe the events and name the people and university where the first attempt was made to
provide nurses advanced clinical skills in the 1950s. ...Answer Is...To address shortage in clinical
support personnel, Eugene A. Stead, Jr. MD and Thelma Ingles RN, a prominent nurse educator,
developed an advanced clinical nurse specialist program at Duke University that was rebuffed
(not accredited) by organized nursing leadership (the National League for Nursing).
State at least three factors at the time, which led nursing leadership to reject an excellent and
pioneering program to provide advanced clinical skills to nurses. ...Answer Is...There was a
shortage of nurses, 2: Steps were being taken to improve the image of nursing by requiring RNs
to have baccalaureate degrees, 3) The Duke program's instructors were primarily physicians not
nurses and Ms. Ingles did not have a degree in nursing although she was a highly trained and
skilled RN, 4) Nursing leadership was involved in the feminist movement; (most physicians were
men and most nurses
were women) and 5) Role identification - nursing leadership could not envision a hybrid nurse-
physician practitioner or nurses working under the supervision of a physician. Nursing saw its
role and knowledge base to be separate and distinct from the practice of medicine.
, Name the physician who in 1960 called for the education of doctor assistants recruited from the
"nonprofessional" ranks using the example of corpsmen, mostly high school graduates, who had
been trained to assist doctors in the military. ...Answer Is...Charles Hudson MD
Name two physicians who used former military corpsmen, as their first recruits to be educated
as physician assistants and explain the differences in their approach. ...Answer Is...Eugene Stead,
MD developed a 2-yr academic based program at Duke University in 1965, 2). Richard Smith, MD
developed a joint academic/community-based program at the University of Washington in 1968.
Stead called his students physician's assistants and Smith called his MEDEX; both used a
generalist model of education. A collaborative (with physicians), rapid deployment model was
also a feature of Smith's approach to educating PAs.
Describe what benefits were derived from using former military corpsmen as a primary source
of PA students in the 1960s. ...Answer Is...Because of the Vietnam War, large numbers of
military corpsmen were being trained and released from the military annually with no health
care jobs available in the civilian sector. Many physicians had previous experience working with
corpsmen in the military. Not using the skills of corpsmen in the civilian sector, after their
discharge from the military was a waste of taxpayers' money. The Veterans Administration was
interested in creating job opportunities for veterans and needed more clinical support personnel
in their own medical facilities. Because of their seasoned and experienced health care
backgrounds, corpsmen could adjust quickly to the clinical environment and most were men in a
men's environment.
Explain how federal funding shaped the demographics of the PA profession during its first
decade of existence. ...Answer Is...Federal funding mandated programs to provide equal
opportunities for women and under-represented ethnic groups and to educate students and
place graduates into primary care specialties, especially in rural and inner-city communities.
Explain why initial federal funding did not mandate that PA and MEDEX programs offer
baccalaureate degrees to graduates. ...Answer Is...Obtaining liberal arts requirements for
degrees would prolong length and cost of PA education. At the time local clinical needs far
outweighed academic considerations. The requirement that entering students would need 2
years of college credits would impede the enrollment of highly experienced corpsmen and non-
degree nurses, which at the time were the mainstay of the applicant pool. The PA and MEDEX
curricula were "competency based" rather than "degree based."
Name the physician that founded the first PA program to be based in a liberal arts college that
admitted individuals directly from high school and awarded a bachelor's degree to
Practice, physician assistant exam, EOC
questions and answers, PAEA 150
questions, PA exam prep, graded A+
List at least three major changes that occurred in medical education as a result of the Flexner
Report, released in 1910. ...Answer Is...Closure of 50% existing medical schools, 2) increased
sciences in curricula, 3) decrease in women and minorities in medicine, and 4) medical schools
become attached to academic centers - universities and colleges.
Describe what medicine and the delivery of health care services looked like in the first half of
the 20th century. ...Answer Is...The medical profession was mostly white and male dominated,
there were more generalists than specialists, most physicians worked in private office-based
practices, fee-for-service was the primary method of payment (out-of-pocket), and hospital cost
per capita was low.
Obj. 3: Describe the impact of WWII and its aftermath on medicine, and the delivery of health
care services in the 1950s and 1960s. ...Answer Is...There was an increase in number of
specialists compared to generalists, there was a shift from office to hospital care, there was an
increase in availability of third party health insurance, there was an increase in diagnostic and
therapeutic procedures that could be offered to the public, and there was an increase in the
nation's gross domestic product, with associated increase in family incomes, that increased the
demand for health care services.
Explain why efforts to pass national health care insurance failed in the 1940s and
1950s. ...Answer Is...National Health Insurance was viewed by the American Medical Association
and by right-wing conservative politicians as "socialized medicine", and was viewed even as
being "communistic" during a
time of cold war fears; national health insurance was viewed by some as being un-American
with a threatened loss of freedom of choice.
Explain why Medicare and Medicaid national health insurance plans became necessary in the
1960s ...Answer Is...Many Americans received third-party health insurance as a benefit of
employment. Without employment, older Americans, the disabled and the poor could not afford
, third-party insurance - so the federal government intervened, to assure they received access to
health care services.
List four factors that fueled the demand for health care services in the 1960s. ...Answer Is...An
increase in per capita income provided more money to spend on health care, 2) An
improvement in hospital standards and the availability of advanced diagnostic and therapeutic
technologies improved hospital services and outcomes, 3) An increase in availability of employer
prepaid health insurance plans, including hospital insurance, provided greater access to services,
and 4) The enactment of Medicare and Medicaid health plans for the elderly, disabled and poor,
increased access to services.
Name four socioeconomic and political issues that caused civil unrest during the early
1960s. ...Answer Is...1) Unpopular war in Vietnam, 2) Segregation of African Americans,
particularly in the South, 3) Women's Rights and 4) Farm Workers' Rights.
Name three major pieces of legislation that were passed by Congress in the 1960s to address
civil rights and health care issues. ...Answer Is...Civil Rights Act and 2) Equal Opportunity Acts
passed in 1964 and 3) Medicare and Medicaid Acts passed in 1965.
Describe the events and name the people and university where the first attempt was made to
provide nurses advanced clinical skills in the 1950s. ...Answer Is...To address shortage in clinical
support personnel, Eugene A. Stead, Jr. MD and Thelma Ingles RN, a prominent nurse educator,
developed an advanced clinical nurse specialist program at Duke University that was rebuffed
(not accredited) by organized nursing leadership (the National League for Nursing).
State at least three factors at the time, which led nursing leadership to reject an excellent and
pioneering program to provide advanced clinical skills to nurses. ...Answer Is...There was a
shortage of nurses, 2: Steps were being taken to improve the image of nursing by requiring RNs
to have baccalaureate degrees, 3) The Duke program's instructors were primarily physicians not
nurses and Ms. Ingles did not have a degree in nursing although she was a highly trained and
skilled RN, 4) Nursing leadership was involved in the feminist movement; (most physicians were
men and most nurses
were women) and 5) Role identification - nursing leadership could not envision a hybrid nurse-
physician practitioner or nurses working under the supervision of a physician. Nursing saw its
role and knowledge base to be separate and distinct from the practice of medicine.
, Name the physician who in 1960 called for the education of doctor assistants recruited from the
"nonprofessional" ranks using the example of corpsmen, mostly high school graduates, who had
been trained to assist doctors in the military. ...Answer Is...Charles Hudson MD
Name two physicians who used former military corpsmen, as their first recruits to be educated
as physician assistants and explain the differences in their approach. ...Answer Is...Eugene Stead,
MD developed a 2-yr academic based program at Duke University in 1965, 2). Richard Smith, MD
developed a joint academic/community-based program at the University of Washington in 1968.
Stead called his students physician's assistants and Smith called his MEDEX; both used a
generalist model of education. A collaborative (with physicians), rapid deployment model was
also a feature of Smith's approach to educating PAs.
Describe what benefits were derived from using former military corpsmen as a primary source
of PA students in the 1960s. ...Answer Is...Because of the Vietnam War, large numbers of
military corpsmen were being trained and released from the military annually with no health
care jobs available in the civilian sector. Many physicians had previous experience working with
corpsmen in the military. Not using the skills of corpsmen in the civilian sector, after their
discharge from the military was a waste of taxpayers' money. The Veterans Administration was
interested in creating job opportunities for veterans and needed more clinical support personnel
in their own medical facilities. Because of their seasoned and experienced health care
backgrounds, corpsmen could adjust quickly to the clinical environment and most were men in a
men's environment.
Explain how federal funding shaped the demographics of the PA profession during its first
decade of existence. ...Answer Is...Federal funding mandated programs to provide equal
opportunities for women and under-represented ethnic groups and to educate students and
place graduates into primary care specialties, especially in rural and inner-city communities.
Explain why initial federal funding did not mandate that PA and MEDEX programs offer
baccalaureate degrees to graduates. ...Answer Is...Obtaining liberal arts requirements for
degrees would prolong length and cost of PA education. At the time local clinical needs far
outweighed academic considerations. The requirement that entering students would need 2
years of college credits would impede the enrollment of highly experienced corpsmen and non-
degree nurses, which at the time were the mainstay of the applicant pool. The PA and MEDEX
curricula were "competency based" rather than "degree based."
Name the physician that founded the first PA program to be based in a liberal arts college that
admitted individuals directly from high school and awarded a bachelor's degree to
