2025 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM
2|ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED
AND VERIFIED ANSWERS|ALREADY GRADED A+
Autosomal Dominant - ...(ANSWERS)....Describes a trait or disorder in which the
phenotype is expressed in those who inherit the gene from even only one parent.
Heterozygous or Homozygous
Each offspring has a 50% chance of inheriting the mutation
Autosomal Recessive - ...(ANSWERS)....two copies of an abnormal gene must be
present in order for the phenotype to be expressed
2 copies of the gene mutation for the offspring to inherit
both parents have to have the autosomal recessive gene
X-linked dominant - ...(ANSWERS)....dominant trait or disorder caused by a
mutation in a gene on the X chromosome
phenotype expressed in females and males
most of the time the offspring does not survive
x-linked recessive - ...(ANSWERS)....mutation in a gene on the X chromosome
causes the phenotype to be expressed in males who inherit the gene as well as
females who are homozygous for the mutation
carrier females do not express phenotype
,A mother is a carrier for x-linked recessive Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy
gene. The father has not been tested but does not exhibit the phenotype that
would normally be showing at his age (upper and lower extremity weakness,
soreness, and arrhythmias). What does their offspring chance of inheritance look
like?
a. Non-carriers 50%, Carrier 25%, Affected 25%
b. Non-carriers 25%, Carrier 50%, Affected 25%
c. Non-carriers 25%, Carrier 25%, Affected 25%
d. Affected 50%, Non-affected 25% - ...(ANSWERS)....a
If two heterozygous individuals mated and their first three children expressed a
phenotype for a dominant trait, which of the following would be true?
a) their next child would have the dominant trait
b) their next child would have the recessive trait
c) there is a 25% chance their next child would show the recessive trait
d) they cannot have a child with the recessive trait - ...(ANSWERS)....c
In an autosomal dominant disorder, mom is affected, father is unaffected. The
inheritance chance for offspring is:
a. Affected 50%, Unaffected 50%
b. Affected 25%, Unaffected 75%
c. Affected 75%, Unaffected 25%
d. Affected 100%, Unaffected 0% - ...(ANSWERS)....a
,In an autosomal recessive disorder, mom is non-carrier, father is affected. The
offspring's chance of inheritance is:
a. Carrier 25%, Non-carrier 75%, Affected 0%
b. Carrier 25%, Non-carrier 25%, Affected 50%
c. Carrier 100%, Affected 0%
d. Carrier 75%, Non-carrier 25%, Affected 0% - ...(ANSWERS)....c
In an autosomal recessive disorder, mom is carrier, father is affected. The
offspring's chance of inheritance is:
a. Carrier 25%, Non-carrier 75%, Affected 0%
b. Carrier 25%, Non-carrier 25%, Affected 50%
c. Carrier 25%, Affected 75%
d. Carrier 50%, Affected 50% - ...(ANSWERS)....d
In an x-linked dominant disorder, mom is affected, father is unaffected. The
offspring's chance of inheritance is:
a. Carrier 25%, Non-carrier 75%, Affected 0%
b. Affected 50%, Non-affected 50%
c. Affected 75%, Non-affected 25%
d. None of the above - ...(ANSWERS)....B
In an x-linked dominant disorder, mom is affected, father is affected. The
offspring's chance of inheritance is:
, a. Affected 25%, Non-affected 25%
b. Affected 50%, Non-affected 50%
c. Affected 100%, Non-affected 0%
d. Affected 75%, Non-affected 25% - ...(ANSWERS)....d
In an x-linked recessive disorder, mom is affected, father is non-carrier. The
offspring's chance of inheritance is:
a. Non-carrier 25%, Carrier 25%, Affected 50%
b. Non-carriers 0%, Carrier 50%, Affected 50%
c. Non-carrier 25%, Carrier 25%, Affected 50% - ...(ANSWERS)....b
A husband and wife are both carriers for phenylketonuria. What are the chances
they will conceive an offspring with that disease?
a) 0%
b) 25%
c) 50%
d) 75% - ...(ANSWERS)....B
Who are more likely to suffer from X-linked diseases and why?
a) Females, because they have two X-chromosomes and are therefore more likely
to inherit one with a disease
b) males, because they have only one X-chromosome and if it is mutated they
have no back up copy
2|ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED
AND VERIFIED ANSWERS|ALREADY GRADED A+
Autosomal Dominant - ...(ANSWERS)....Describes a trait or disorder in which the
phenotype is expressed in those who inherit the gene from even only one parent.
Heterozygous or Homozygous
Each offspring has a 50% chance of inheriting the mutation
Autosomal Recessive - ...(ANSWERS)....two copies of an abnormal gene must be
present in order for the phenotype to be expressed
2 copies of the gene mutation for the offspring to inherit
both parents have to have the autosomal recessive gene
X-linked dominant - ...(ANSWERS)....dominant trait or disorder caused by a
mutation in a gene on the X chromosome
phenotype expressed in females and males
most of the time the offspring does not survive
x-linked recessive - ...(ANSWERS)....mutation in a gene on the X chromosome
causes the phenotype to be expressed in males who inherit the gene as well as
females who are homozygous for the mutation
carrier females do not express phenotype
,A mother is a carrier for x-linked recessive Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy
gene. The father has not been tested but does not exhibit the phenotype that
would normally be showing at his age (upper and lower extremity weakness,
soreness, and arrhythmias). What does their offspring chance of inheritance look
like?
a. Non-carriers 50%, Carrier 25%, Affected 25%
b. Non-carriers 25%, Carrier 50%, Affected 25%
c. Non-carriers 25%, Carrier 25%, Affected 25%
d. Affected 50%, Non-affected 25% - ...(ANSWERS)....a
If two heterozygous individuals mated and their first three children expressed a
phenotype for a dominant trait, which of the following would be true?
a) their next child would have the dominant trait
b) their next child would have the recessive trait
c) there is a 25% chance their next child would show the recessive trait
d) they cannot have a child with the recessive trait - ...(ANSWERS)....c
In an autosomal dominant disorder, mom is affected, father is unaffected. The
inheritance chance for offspring is:
a. Affected 50%, Unaffected 50%
b. Affected 25%, Unaffected 75%
c. Affected 75%, Unaffected 25%
d. Affected 100%, Unaffected 0% - ...(ANSWERS)....a
,In an autosomal recessive disorder, mom is non-carrier, father is affected. The
offspring's chance of inheritance is:
a. Carrier 25%, Non-carrier 75%, Affected 0%
b. Carrier 25%, Non-carrier 25%, Affected 50%
c. Carrier 100%, Affected 0%
d. Carrier 75%, Non-carrier 25%, Affected 0% - ...(ANSWERS)....c
In an autosomal recessive disorder, mom is carrier, father is affected. The
offspring's chance of inheritance is:
a. Carrier 25%, Non-carrier 75%, Affected 0%
b. Carrier 25%, Non-carrier 25%, Affected 50%
c. Carrier 25%, Affected 75%
d. Carrier 50%, Affected 50% - ...(ANSWERS)....d
In an x-linked dominant disorder, mom is affected, father is unaffected. The
offspring's chance of inheritance is:
a. Carrier 25%, Non-carrier 75%, Affected 0%
b. Affected 50%, Non-affected 50%
c. Affected 75%, Non-affected 25%
d. None of the above - ...(ANSWERS)....B
In an x-linked dominant disorder, mom is affected, father is affected. The
offspring's chance of inheritance is:
, a. Affected 25%, Non-affected 25%
b. Affected 50%, Non-affected 50%
c. Affected 100%, Non-affected 0%
d. Affected 75%, Non-affected 25% - ...(ANSWERS)....d
In an x-linked recessive disorder, mom is affected, father is non-carrier. The
offspring's chance of inheritance is:
a. Non-carrier 25%, Carrier 25%, Affected 50%
b. Non-carriers 0%, Carrier 50%, Affected 50%
c. Non-carrier 25%, Carrier 25%, Affected 50% - ...(ANSWERS)....b
A husband and wife are both carriers for phenylketonuria. What are the chances
they will conceive an offspring with that disease?
a) 0%
b) 25%
c) 50%
d) 75% - ...(ANSWERS)....B
Who are more likely to suffer from X-linked diseases and why?
a) Females, because they have two X-chromosomes and are therefore more likely
to inherit one with a disease
b) males, because they have only one X-chromosome and if it is mutated they
have no back up copy
