Water Quality PUB 609 Wk 1
Swimming participation of a given day doubled from .... -(correct answer)0.9-2.0% from
1992-2005 In a 7 day recall period, how many percentage of canadians reported swimming or
going in any water source? -(correct answer)13.2% What are the three Recreational Water
Hazards? -(correct answer)1. Drowning and injuries 2. Microbial hazards 3. Chemical hazards
Drowning and injuries -(correct answer)For children, lack of supervision is frequent drowning
risk factor - Minor injuries are common and likely under-reported (e.g slips, trips and falls)
Microbial hazards -(correct answer)Primary risk is faecal contamination (usually from other
bathers), with Cryptosporidium (main) of particular concern - main thing we are concerned
about Chemical hazards -(correct answer)Pool disinfectants and disinfection by-products are
primary causes of chemical-related irritations and illnesses How many ontario water-related
fatalities and death rates were there in 2010-2019? -(correct answer)1.3-1.2 deaths per year
What is the water related fatalities by most common recreational activity? -(correct
answer)Swimming Where do most drowning happen? -(correct answer)Lake/Pond with 46%
What is the chance of drowning in a lifeguard supervised setting? -(correct answer)chance of
1% What is the average number of drowning death deaths each year? -(correct answer)152
What is the average hospitalizations due to non-fatal drowning each year? -(correct answer)98
What is the average emergency department visits due to non-fatal drowning each year?
-(correct answer)555 What are the main causes of recreational water outbreaks in USA from
2015-2019? -(correct answer)Cryptosporidium and Legionella What is the estimated burden of
water borne disease from different routes, US 2014? -(correct answer)7.2M infections Due to
what is the recreational water burden of disease is high? -(correct answer)Swimmer's Ear
Cyptosporidium -(correct answer)Protozoan parasite with complex, multi-staged life
cycle-including production of highly resistance oocysts What are the two genotypes linked to
human illness? -(correct answer)C.hominis (humans) and C.parvum (Humans, cattle,
ruminants) How many oocysts are needed to cause infection? -(correct answer)A few is
needed What is the primary symptom of Cryptosporidium? -(correct answer)Profuse watery
diarrhea What other symptoms are accompanied with Cryptosporidium? -(correct
answer)Nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, low-grade fever. Usually self-limiting and resolves
in 2-3 weeks. Severe and life-threatening in immune-compromised individuals Due to high
chlorine resistance, how should the oocysts be controlled? -(correct answer)Through filtration,
advanced disinfection, good hygiene among bathers and prompt response to fecal accidents
Pseudomonas aeruginosa -(correct answer)Aerobic, Gram negative opportunistic pathogen
typically introduced into spas/pools via infected bathers What is Pseudomonas a concern for?
-(correct answer)Hot tubs, where it causes folliculitis (infection of hair follicles) What does
pseudomonas cause? -(correct answer)Swimmers ear (otitis externa) Transmiited via direct
contact and can accumulate in biofilms (tough to get rid of) Swimmer's Ear (Acute Otitis
Externa) -(correct answer)- painful bacterial infection of outer ear canal - redness and itching -
dischage - ear drops are better than the oral ones - properly maintained= risk is low - main
Swimming participation of a given day doubled from .... -(correct answer)0.9-2.0% from
1992-2005 In a 7 day recall period, how many percentage of canadians reported swimming or
going in any water source? -(correct answer)13.2% What are the three Recreational Water
Hazards? -(correct answer)1. Drowning and injuries 2. Microbial hazards 3. Chemical hazards
Drowning and injuries -(correct answer)For children, lack of supervision is frequent drowning
risk factor - Minor injuries are common and likely under-reported (e.g slips, trips and falls)
Microbial hazards -(correct answer)Primary risk is faecal contamination (usually from other
bathers), with Cryptosporidium (main) of particular concern - main thing we are concerned
about Chemical hazards -(correct answer)Pool disinfectants and disinfection by-products are
primary causes of chemical-related irritations and illnesses How many ontario water-related
fatalities and death rates were there in 2010-2019? -(correct answer)1.3-1.2 deaths per year
What is the water related fatalities by most common recreational activity? -(correct
answer)Swimming Where do most drowning happen? -(correct answer)Lake/Pond with 46%
What is the chance of drowning in a lifeguard supervised setting? -(correct answer)chance of
1% What is the average number of drowning death deaths each year? -(correct answer)152
What is the average hospitalizations due to non-fatal drowning each year? -(correct answer)98
What is the average emergency department visits due to non-fatal drowning each year?
-(correct answer)555 What are the main causes of recreational water outbreaks in USA from
2015-2019? -(correct answer)Cryptosporidium and Legionella What is the estimated burden of
water borne disease from different routes, US 2014? -(correct answer)7.2M infections Due to
what is the recreational water burden of disease is high? -(correct answer)Swimmer's Ear
Cyptosporidium -(correct answer)Protozoan parasite with complex, multi-staged life
cycle-including production of highly resistance oocysts What are the two genotypes linked to
human illness? -(correct answer)C.hominis (humans) and C.parvum (Humans, cattle,
ruminants) How many oocysts are needed to cause infection? -(correct answer)A few is
needed What is the primary symptom of Cryptosporidium? -(correct answer)Profuse watery
diarrhea What other symptoms are accompanied with Cryptosporidium? -(correct
answer)Nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, low-grade fever. Usually self-limiting and resolves
in 2-3 weeks. Severe and life-threatening in immune-compromised individuals Due to high
chlorine resistance, how should the oocysts be controlled? -(correct answer)Through filtration,
advanced disinfection, good hygiene among bathers and prompt response to fecal accidents
Pseudomonas aeruginosa -(correct answer)Aerobic, Gram negative opportunistic pathogen
typically introduced into spas/pools via infected bathers What is Pseudomonas a concern for?
-(correct answer)Hot tubs, where it causes folliculitis (infection of hair follicles) What does
pseudomonas cause? -(correct answer)Swimmers ear (otitis externa) Transmiited via direct
contact and can accumulate in biofilms (tough to get rid of) Swimmer's Ear (Acute Otitis
Externa) -(correct answer)- painful bacterial infection of outer ear canal - redness and itching -
dischage - ear drops are better than the oral ones - properly maintained= risk is low - main
