Microbiology HCC Final Exam
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_h82964
1. Pathogens: any agent-usually a virus-bacterium, fungus, protozoan, or
helminth-that causes disease
2. Decomposers: a consumer that feeds on organic matter from the bodies of dead
organisms. These microorganisms feed from all levels of the food pyramid and are
responsible for recycling elements (also called "saprobes")
3. Genetic Engineering: a field involving deliberate alterations (recombinations)
of the genomes of microbes, plants, and animals through special technological
processes.
4. Biotechnology: the use of microbes or their products in the commercial or
industrial realm.
5. Characteristics of Viruses: 1) Obligate, intracellular parasites of bacteria, pro-
tozoa, algae, fungi, plants, and animals
2) acellular: not cell-like
3) ultra-microscopic
4) do not have characteristics of life
5) inactive while outside host cell
6) Basic structure consists of protein shell (capsid) which surrounds a nucleic acid
(core)
7) Nucleic acid can be either DNA or RNA (never both)
8) Nucleic acid can be ssDNA, dsDNA, ssRNA, dsRNA
9) Viruses are specific to host cells (specificity)
10) Multiplies by taking control of host cell's metabolic activities
6. Phylogeny: the evolutionary development and diversification of a species or
group of organisms, or of a particular feature of an organism
7. Helminthes: all parasitic worms
8. Taxonomic Hierarchy: -Domain
-Kingdom
-Phylum
-Class
-Order
-Family
-Genus
-Species
9. Bioremediation: the introduction of bacteria into the environment as a way to
restore stability
10. 6 I's: -Inoculation
-Incubation
-Isolation
-Inspection
1/6
, Microbiology HCC Final Exam
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_h82964
-Information Gathering
-Identification
11. Inoculation: introduction of a sample into a container of media to produce a
culture
12. Incubation: under conditions that allow growth
13. Isolation: separating species from one another. A colony consists one of
species. An Isolation technique may involve a Streak plate, pour plate, or spread
plate
14. Inspection: Observing microbes both macro and microscopically
15. Information Gathering: testing of microbes with procedures that analyze bio-
chemistry and enzyme characteristics, immunologic reactions, drug sensitivity, and
genetic makeup
16. Identification: Analysis of the collected data; accomplished by a variety of
schemes
17. Types of Microbial Media: -liquid (broth)/semi-solid (slant)/solid media (agar
plates)/Nutrient Agar Plate/Non-Synthetic/Natural Media/Enriched Media/Fastidi-
ous/Selective/Differential/Anaerobic/Reducing Carbohydrate Fermentation
18. Fastidious bacteria mediums: -Blood Agar
-Acid Fast Stains
19. Selective Medium: encourages growth of some microbes while inhibiting oth-
ers. example is Mannitol Salt Agar
20. Differential Medium: more than one microbe to grow, use physical properties
to ID example: MacConkey
21. Thioglycollate Acid: Anaerobic Media (reduces O2 concentration; allowing
microbes to grow)
22. Mannitol Salt Agar: Selective Media that encourages growth of one species
(specifically Staphylococcus aureus/staph)
23. Resolving power: clarity in detail-minimum distance between 2 objects at which
they are distinguishable
24. Macronutrient: a chemical substance required in large quantities (phosphate,
for example)
25. Micronutrient: a chemical substrate required in small quantities (trace metals,
for example)
26. Trace element: micronutrients (zinc, nickel, and manganese) that occur in small
amounts and are involved in enzyme function and maintenance of protein structure
27. Phototroph: microbes that use photosynthesis to feed
28. Heterotrophy: these use organic compounds as their major source of car-
bon-they obtain them by absorbing them from the environment, or by ingesting
autotrophs or other heterotrophs
2/6
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_h82964
1. Pathogens: any agent-usually a virus-bacterium, fungus, protozoan, or
helminth-that causes disease
2. Decomposers: a consumer that feeds on organic matter from the bodies of dead
organisms. These microorganisms feed from all levels of the food pyramid and are
responsible for recycling elements (also called "saprobes")
3. Genetic Engineering: a field involving deliberate alterations (recombinations)
of the genomes of microbes, plants, and animals through special technological
processes.
4. Biotechnology: the use of microbes or their products in the commercial or
industrial realm.
5. Characteristics of Viruses: 1) Obligate, intracellular parasites of bacteria, pro-
tozoa, algae, fungi, plants, and animals
2) acellular: not cell-like
3) ultra-microscopic
4) do not have characteristics of life
5) inactive while outside host cell
6) Basic structure consists of protein shell (capsid) which surrounds a nucleic acid
(core)
7) Nucleic acid can be either DNA or RNA (never both)
8) Nucleic acid can be ssDNA, dsDNA, ssRNA, dsRNA
9) Viruses are specific to host cells (specificity)
10) Multiplies by taking control of host cell's metabolic activities
6. Phylogeny: the evolutionary development and diversification of a species or
group of organisms, or of a particular feature of an organism
7. Helminthes: all parasitic worms
8. Taxonomic Hierarchy: -Domain
-Kingdom
-Phylum
-Class
-Order
-Family
-Genus
-Species
9. Bioremediation: the introduction of bacteria into the environment as a way to
restore stability
10. 6 I's: -Inoculation
-Incubation
-Isolation
-Inspection
1/6
, Microbiology HCC Final Exam
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_h82964
-Information Gathering
-Identification
11. Inoculation: introduction of a sample into a container of media to produce a
culture
12. Incubation: under conditions that allow growth
13. Isolation: separating species from one another. A colony consists one of
species. An Isolation technique may involve a Streak plate, pour plate, or spread
plate
14. Inspection: Observing microbes both macro and microscopically
15. Information Gathering: testing of microbes with procedures that analyze bio-
chemistry and enzyme characteristics, immunologic reactions, drug sensitivity, and
genetic makeup
16. Identification: Analysis of the collected data; accomplished by a variety of
schemes
17. Types of Microbial Media: -liquid (broth)/semi-solid (slant)/solid media (agar
plates)/Nutrient Agar Plate/Non-Synthetic/Natural Media/Enriched Media/Fastidi-
ous/Selective/Differential/Anaerobic/Reducing Carbohydrate Fermentation
18. Fastidious bacteria mediums: -Blood Agar
-Acid Fast Stains
19. Selective Medium: encourages growth of some microbes while inhibiting oth-
ers. example is Mannitol Salt Agar
20. Differential Medium: more than one microbe to grow, use physical properties
to ID example: MacConkey
21. Thioglycollate Acid: Anaerobic Media (reduces O2 concentration; allowing
microbes to grow)
22. Mannitol Salt Agar: Selective Media that encourages growth of one species
(specifically Staphylococcus aureus/staph)
23. Resolving power: clarity in detail-minimum distance between 2 objects at which
they are distinguishable
24. Macronutrient: a chemical substance required in large quantities (phosphate,
for example)
25. Micronutrient: a chemical substrate required in small quantities (trace metals,
for example)
26. Trace element: micronutrients (zinc, nickel, and manganese) that occur in small
amounts and are involved in enzyme function and maintenance of protein structure
27. Phototroph: microbes that use photosynthesis to feed
28. Heterotrophy: these use organic compounds as their major source of car-
bon-they obtain them by absorbing them from the environment, or by ingesting
autotrophs or other heterotrophs
2/6
