Biol 227 Exam 5| Questions with Complete Solutions 100% Verified| Latest
Update Graded A+
Roof and floor of nasal cavity - *ethmoid* and *sphenoid bones* form the roof
-*hard palate* forms floor
-separates the *nasal cavity* from the *oral cavity* and allows you to breathe while you chew
food
-*paranasal sinuses* and nasolacrimal duct drain into nasal cavity
Vestibule of the nose -Beginning of nasal cavity; small, dilated chamber just inside nostrils
-lined with stratified squamous epithelium
-vibrissae: stiff guard hairs that block insects and debris from entering nose
Nasal conchae -Chamber behind vestibule is occupied by three folds of tissue
-superior, middle, inferior
-project from lateral walls toward septum
-narrowness and turbulence ensure that most air contacts mucous membrane
-cleans, warms, and moistens the air
Olfactory epithelium -detects odors
- covers a small area of the roof the nasal fossa and adjacent parts of the septum and superior
concha
- ciliates pseudostratified columnar epithelium
- immobile cilia on sensory cells bind odorant molecules
Respiratory epithelium - Lines rest of nasal cavity except vestibule
,- *Ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium with goblet cells*
- *Cilia are motile*
- Goblet cells secrete mucus and cilia propel the mucus posteriorly toward pharynx
- Swallowed into digestive tract
Erectile tissue (swell body) - Extensive venous plexus in epithelium of inferior concha
- Every 30 to 60 minutes, tissue on one side swells with blood
- Restricts airflow through that fossa, so most air directed through other nostril
- Allows engorged side time to recover from drying
- Preponderant flow of air shifts between the right and left nostrils once or twice an hour
Pharynx (throat) performs the swallowing action that passes food from the mouth into the
esophagus
- muscular funnel extending about 5 in. from the internal nares to the larynx
Three regions of the pharynx 1. Nasopharynx
- passes only air and is lined by pseudostratified columnar epithelium
- posterior and superior to soft palate
- receives auditory tubes and contains pharyngeal tonsil
- 90 degree downward turn traps large particles
2. Oropharynx
- space between soft palate and epiglottis
,- contains palatine tonsils
3. Laryngopharynx
- epiglottis to cricoid cartilage
- esophagus begins at that point
What parts of the pharynx are involved in digestion? oropharynx and laryngopharynx
Larynx (voice box) cartilaginous chamber about 4 cm (1.5 in.) long
function of larynx Routes air and food into the proper channels and plays a role in speech
Parts of the larynx -Nine cartilages make up framework
-First three are solitary and relatively large
- epiglottis cartilage: spoon-shaped supportive plate ingots; most superior
- thyroid cartilage:largest, laryngeal prominence (Adam's apple); shield-shaped
- testosterone stimulates growth, larger in males
-cricoid cartilage:connects larynx to trachea, ring-like
Epiglottis - Flap of tissue that guards the superior opening of the larynx
- At rest, stands almost vertically
- during swallowing, extrinsic muscles of larynx pull larynx upward
- tongue pushes epiglottis down to meet it
- closes airway and directs good to esophagus behind it
- vestibular folds of the larynx play greater role in keeping food and drink out of the airway
, Ligaments suspending the larynx from hyoid and hold it together -Thyrohyoid ligament
suspends it from hyoid
- cricotrachedl ligament suspend trashed from larynx
- intrinsic ligaments hold laryngeal cartilages together
Larynx structure - interior wall has two folds on each side that extend from thyroid cartilage
in o ray tenoid cartilages in back
- superior vestibular folds
- play no role in speech
- close the larynx during swallowing
Inferior vocal cords produce sound when air passes between them; contain vocal ligaments
Trachea (windpipe) -a rigid tube about 14 cm long and 2.5 cm in diameter
- anterior to esophagus
Inner lining of trachea pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium with goblet cells.
Mucus traps debris, cilia push it superiorly toward larynx and pharynx.
Middle tracheal layer Connective tissue beneath the tracheal epithelium; contains lymphatic
nodules, mucous and serous glands, and the tracheal cartilages
Adventitia of trachea outermost layer made of C-shaped rings of hyaline cartilage
Bronchial tree branched airways that lead from the trachea to the microscopic air sacs
called alveoli
Update Graded A+
Roof and floor of nasal cavity - *ethmoid* and *sphenoid bones* form the roof
-*hard palate* forms floor
-separates the *nasal cavity* from the *oral cavity* and allows you to breathe while you chew
food
-*paranasal sinuses* and nasolacrimal duct drain into nasal cavity
Vestibule of the nose -Beginning of nasal cavity; small, dilated chamber just inside nostrils
-lined with stratified squamous epithelium
-vibrissae: stiff guard hairs that block insects and debris from entering nose
Nasal conchae -Chamber behind vestibule is occupied by three folds of tissue
-superior, middle, inferior
-project from lateral walls toward septum
-narrowness and turbulence ensure that most air contacts mucous membrane
-cleans, warms, and moistens the air
Olfactory epithelium -detects odors
- covers a small area of the roof the nasal fossa and adjacent parts of the septum and superior
concha
- ciliates pseudostratified columnar epithelium
- immobile cilia on sensory cells bind odorant molecules
Respiratory epithelium - Lines rest of nasal cavity except vestibule
,- *Ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium with goblet cells*
- *Cilia are motile*
- Goblet cells secrete mucus and cilia propel the mucus posteriorly toward pharynx
- Swallowed into digestive tract
Erectile tissue (swell body) - Extensive venous plexus in epithelium of inferior concha
- Every 30 to 60 minutes, tissue on one side swells with blood
- Restricts airflow through that fossa, so most air directed through other nostril
- Allows engorged side time to recover from drying
- Preponderant flow of air shifts between the right and left nostrils once or twice an hour
Pharynx (throat) performs the swallowing action that passes food from the mouth into the
esophagus
- muscular funnel extending about 5 in. from the internal nares to the larynx
Three regions of the pharynx 1. Nasopharynx
- passes only air and is lined by pseudostratified columnar epithelium
- posterior and superior to soft palate
- receives auditory tubes and contains pharyngeal tonsil
- 90 degree downward turn traps large particles
2. Oropharynx
- space between soft palate and epiglottis
,- contains palatine tonsils
3. Laryngopharynx
- epiglottis to cricoid cartilage
- esophagus begins at that point
What parts of the pharynx are involved in digestion? oropharynx and laryngopharynx
Larynx (voice box) cartilaginous chamber about 4 cm (1.5 in.) long
function of larynx Routes air and food into the proper channels and plays a role in speech
Parts of the larynx -Nine cartilages make up framework
-First three are solitary and relatively large
- epiglottis cartilage: spoon-shaped supportive plate ingots; most superior
- thyroid cartilage:largest, laryngeal prominence (Adam's apple); shield-shaped
- testosterone stimulates growth, larger in males
-cricoid cartilage:connects larynx to trachea, ring-like
Epiglottis - Flap of tissue that guards the superior opening of the larynx
- At rest, stands almost vertically
- during swallowing, extrinsic muscles of larynx pull larynx upward
- tongue pushes epiglottis down to meet it
- closes airway and directs good to esophagus behind it
- vestibular folds of the larynx play greater role in keeping food and drink out of the airway
, Ligaments suspending the larynx from hyoid and hold it together -Thyrohyoid ligament
suspends it from hyoid
- cricotrachedl ligament suspend trashed from larynx
- intrinsic ligaments hold laryngeal cartilages together
Larynx structure - interior wall has two folds on each side that extend from thyroid cartilage
in o ray tenoid cartilages in back
- superior vestibular folds
- play no role in speech
- close the larynx during swallowing
Inferior vocal cords produce sound when air passes between them; contain vocal ligaments
Trachea (windpipe) -a rigid tube about 14 cm long and 2.5 cm in diameter
- anterior to esophagus
Inner lining of trachea pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium with goblet cells.
Mucus traps debris, cilia push it superiorly toward larynx and pharynx.
Middle tracheal layer Connective tissue beneath the tracheal epithelium; contains lymphatic
nodules, mucous and serous glands, and the tracheal cartilages
Adventitia of trachea outermost layer made of C-shaped rings of hyaline cartilage
Bronchial tree branched airways that lead from the trachea to the microscopic air sacs
called alveoli
