HURST REVIEW NCLEX-RN READINESS EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ALL VERIFIED BY AN EXPECT A+ GRADED

HURST REVIEW NCLEX-RN
READINESS EXAM 1
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS




K
ALL VERIFIED BY AN



C
EXPECT A+ GRADED
LO
YC
D
U
ST

,fluid volume excess also another word for ?
- HYPERvolemia


definition of fluid volume excess
- too much fluid in the vascular space ( any vessel in our body ex: vein , artery)


what are 2 causes of fluid volume excess?
- heart failure
- renal failure




K
heart failure ( HF) means what?




C
- the heart is weak
- the cardiac output is DOWN


LO
- kidney perfusion is DOWN
- urinary output is DOWN
- the volume stays in the vascular space
YC
renal failure( RF) means what?
- kidneys arent working


what are three things that contain A LOT of sodium?
D


- canned process foods
- IVF with sodium
- fleet enemas
U
ST




Aldosterone ( steroid, mineralocorticoid) is found where?
- adrenal glands ( on top of the kidneys)


what is the normal action of aldosterone ?
When your blood volume gets low through for example vomiting or hemorrhage, the aldosterone
secretion increases and makes your body retain sodium and water and therefore increases the
blood volume


aldosterone makes us retain what?
SODIUM AND WATER

,when aldosterone secretion increases ----> retain sodium/water---> blood volume goes
________ ----> retain in ______________________
- up
- vascular space


what two diseases have too much aldosterone?
- cushings ( too much steroids)
- hyperaldosterosteronism ( aka: CONNS)




K
what disease has too little aldosterone?
- Addisons disease ( not enough aldosterone means you lose NA & water directly from the




C
vascular space)



LO
when taking a Anti-diuretic hormone ( ADH) do you retain or diurese?
- retain
YC
when taking a anti-diuretic what do you retain ?
- water


when you have too much ADH what happens in the body ?
D


- RETAIN water
- fluid volume EXCESS
- Syndrome of inappropriate ADH ( TOO MANY LETTERS TOO MUCH WATER )
U



- urine is CONCENTRATED ( too much ADH and NA )
- blood is DILUTED
ST




when you have not enough ADH what happens in the body ?
- DIURESE water
- fluid volume DEFICIT
- DI ( diabetes insipidus) DIurese
- urine is DILUTED
- blood is CONCENTRATED


when checking the urine specific gravity, sodium, and hematocrit on lets say a urine test strip if
the urine is concentrated will it make the numbers go up or down?

, - UP


when checking the urine specific gravity, sodium, and hematocrit on lets say a urine test strip if
the urine is diluted will it make the numbers go up or down?
- down


where is ADH found ?
- pituitary gland




K
what should you think about first when you think your patient has a ADH problem?
head injuries ( craniotomy, increase ICP )




C
transsphenoidhypophysisectomy


LO
all the way through ( across) sinus pituitary removal


what are some drugs that are anti diuretic hormones ( ADH)
- vasoPRESSIN
YC
*ends in PRESSINS)


what are some S?S of fluid volume excess?
- distended neck veins/ peripheral veins ( VESSELS ARE FULL)
D


- third spacing
- lungs are CRACKLED
- polyuria
U



- pulse INCREASED ( palpate the artery)
- Blood pressure INCREASES ( more volume = more pressure )
ST




- weight INCREASES


what is the treatment for fluid volume excess?
- low NA diet
- restrict fluids
- daily I& Os and weights


what are some diuretics you can give to help FVE?
- FurosemIDE ( lasix ) ( DECREASES K+)
- drugs that end in IDE !!!!!