Comparative Effectiveness Planning a Systematic Review
Comparative effectiveness research (CER) - correct answer rigorous evaluation of the impact of
different options that are available for treating a given medical condition for a particular set of
patients
Study in LDL reduction in statins, PCSK9, vs. diet only would be an example of _____ - correct
answer CER
What are the 4 types of comparative effectiveness research (CER) - correct answer 1.
Systematic reviews and meta analysis
2. Decision analysis models
3. Observational studies
4. Large pragmatic clinical trials
Why do we use comparative effectiveness research? - correct answer to inform us on general
clinical and health policy decisions
The highest quality of evidence will come from - correct answer large pragmatic clinical trials
LPCT can detect ____ _____ from a large net of potential subjects - correct answer small
treatment differences
Framingham heart study and harvard women's health study are two examples of _______ -
correct answer LPCT
Systematic review is defined as - correct answer a critical assessment and evaluation of all
research studies that address a particular issue
Meta analysis - correct answer Attempts to identify a mean treatment effect across all studies
that have been done with inconclusive or inconsistent results
What are the shortcomings of meta analyses - correct answer can only use treatments that
have been published for review
most data will be efficacy data and not effectiveness data
decision analysis models - correct answer -provides a tool to bring together all evidence from
different sources
-to compare different alternative options systematically & can display info graphically
-framework for decision-making under conditions of uncertainity
Decision analysis models show possible ___ that patients experienced - correct answer events
, Comparative Effectiveness Planning a Systematic Review
observational studies are vulnerable for ______ or _____ bias - correct answer confounding by
indication or selection bias
what are some strengths of observational studies - correct answer large samples, can follow for
long periods, good availability at small expense, answers questions that may not be suited for
clinical trials
what are the limitations of observational studies - correct answer lack of representation of
specific populations, limited to type of diagnosis
decision analysis models are used to link evidence from - correct answer multiple sources
decision analysis models predict outcomes like - correct answer effectiveness and cost, long
term outcomes
in decision analysis models, there are decision trees that are based on different _____ - correct
answer treatments
what are the 3 major types of decision trees - correct answer probability tree, state-transition
model, discrete event model
what does a decision tree look like - correct answer
what does a state transition model look like - correct answer
discrete event model looks like - correct answer
Face validity - correct answer extent to which respondents can tell what the items are
measuring
Predictive validity - correct answer predict the prevalence of key conditions and costs for
populations they were designed
sensitivity analysis - correct answer how estimates change as model parameters change
if the model does not change much with variation, the model is stated to be ____ or _____ -
correct answer robust or stable
if the model does change with variation, the model is _____ or _____ - correct answer sensitive
or variable
systematic reviews take an organized approach to locating, ____ and ____ a body of literature
on a topic - correct answer locating, assembling, evaluating
Systematic reviews want to achieve three outcomes, what are they? - correct answer 1.
questions that specify population, interventions, comparisons, outcomes (PICO)
Comparative effectiveness research (CER) - correct answer rigorous evaluation of the impact of
different options that are available for treating a given medical condition for a particular set of
patients
Study in LDL reduction in statins, PCSK9, vs. diet only would be an example of _____ - correct
answer CER
What are the 4 types of comparative effectiveness research (CER) - correct answer 1.
Systematic reviews and meta analysis
2. Decision analysis models
3. Observational studies
4. Large pragmatic clinical trials
Why do we use comparative effectiveness research? - correct answer to inform us on general
clinical and health policy decisions
The highest quality of evidence will come from - correct answer large pragmatic clinical trials
LPCT can detect ____ _____ from a large net of potential subjects - correct answer small
treatment differences
Framingham heart study and harvard women's health study are two examples of _______ -
correct answer LPCT
Systematic review is defined as - correct answer a critical assessment and evaluation of all
research studies that address a particular issue
Meta analysis - correct answer Attempts to identify a mean treatment effect across all studies
that have been done with inconclusive or inconsistent results
What are the shortcomings of meta analyses - correct answer can only use treatments that
have been published for review
most data will be efficacy data and not effectiveness data
decision analysis models - correct answer -provides a tool to bring together all evidence from
different sources
-to compare different alternative options systematically & can display info graphically
-framework for decision-making under conditions of uncertainity
Decision analysis models show possible ___ that patients experienced - correct answer events
, Comparative Effectiveness Planning a Systematic Review
observational studies are vulnerable for ______ or _____ bias - correct answer confounding by
indication or selection bias
what are some strengths of observational studies - correct answer large samples, can follow for
long periods, good availability at small expense, answers questions that may not be suited for
clinical trials
what are the limitations of observational studies - correct answer lack of representation of
specific populations, limited to type of diagnosis
decision analysis models are used to link evidence from - correct answer multiple sources
decision analysis models predict outcomes like - correct answer effectiveness and cost, long
term outcomes
in decision analysis models, there are decision trees that are based on different _____ - correct
answer treatments
what are the 3 major types of decision trees - correct answer probability tree, state-transition
model, discrete event model
what does a decision tree look like - correct answer
what does a state transition model look like - correct answer
discrete event model looks like - correct answer
Face validity - correct answer extent to which respondents can tell what the items are
measuring
Predictive validity - correct answer predict the prevalence of key conditions and costs for
populations they were designed
sensitivity analysis - correct answer how estimates change as model parameters change
if the model does not change much with variation, the model is stated to be ____ or _____ -
correct answer robust or stable
if the model does change with variation, the model is _____ or _____ - correct answer sensitive
or variable
systematic reviews take an organized approach to locating, ____ and ____ a body of literature
on a topic - correct answer locating, assembling, evaluating
Systematic reviews want to achieve three outcomes, what are they? - correct answer 1.
questions that specify population, interventions, comparisons, outcomes (PICO)
