HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY II EXAM
FINAL QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2025
Which major process involves the removal of water from intestinal contents? -
CORRECT ANSWER- absorption
Where does the process of segmentation occur? - CORRECT ANSWER- small intestine
How would you classify chewing food? - CORRECT ANSWER- mechanical breakdown
Which of the following functions is NOT correctly matched with its description? -
CORRECT ANSWER- propulsion: physical breakdown of ingested food in the GI tract
Which of the following is NOT a means of mechanically breaking down food? -
CORRECT ANSWER- peristalsis
The chemical processes of food breakdown are called ________. - CORRECT
ANSWER- digestion
Peristaltic waves are ________. - CORRECT ANSWER- waves of muscular
contractions that propel contents from one point to another
Chemical digestion reduces large complex molecules to simpler compounds by the
process of ________. - CORRECT ANSWER- catabolism
Which layer of the alimentary canal is constructed from either stratified squamous or
simple columnar epithelium? - CORRECT ANSWER- mucosa
Which layer of the alimentary canal is responsible for segmentation and peristalsis? -
CORRECT ANSWER- muscularis externa
Which layer of the alimentary canal contains not only glands and blood vessels but also
a nerve plexus that helps regulate digestive activity? - CORRECT ANSWER-
submucosa
The __________ circulation drains all of the organs of the digestive system. -
CORRECT ANSWER- hepatic portal
,From the esophagus to the anal canal, the walls of every organ of the alimentary canal
are made up of the same four basic layers. Arrange them in order from the lumen. -
CORRECT ANSWER- mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, and serosa
The lamina propria is composed of ________. - CORRECT ANSWER- loose connective
tissue
Which of these is not part of the splanchnic circulation? - CORRECT ANSWER- inferior
vena cava
Nervous control of gastric secretion is provided by ________. - CORRECT ANSWER-
the vagus nerve and enteric plexus
Unitary smooth muscle is found in all hollow organs except for the heart. What structure
do both heart muscle and unitary smooth muscle share that allows them to contract as a
functional group? - CORRECT ANSWER- gap junctions
What muscle forms the labia of the mouth and controls most lip movement, including
puckering? - CORRECT ANSWER- orbicularis oris
The uvula is an extension of the __________. - CORRECT ANSWER- soft palate
Which of the following is NOT a function of saliva? - CORRECT ANSWER- Saliva
contains enzymes that begin the chemical breakdown of proteins.
How many total permanent teeth should an adult have, assuming none have been lost
or removed? - CORRECT ANSWER- 32
The solutes contained in saliva include ________. - CORRECT ANSWER- electrolytes,
digestive enzyme, mucin, lysozyme, wastes, and IgA
Which of the following are types of papillae on the tongue that contain taste buds? -
CORRECT ANSWER- fungiform and circumvallate
What control mechanism opens the gastroesophageal sphincter? - CORRECT
ANSWER- peristalsis in the esophagus
T/F: Another term for swallowing is deglutition. - CORRECT ANSWER- True
, Which of the following is not a common risk factor for acid reflux disease? - CORRECT
ANSWER- sitting upright after a meal
What is the condition called where a proximal portion of the stomach pushes through an
opening in the diaphragm, allowing stomach acid to pass into the esophagus? -
CORRECT ANSWER- hiatal hernia
Which layer of the stomach contains the gastric pits that secrete mucous, acid, and
digestive enzymes? - CORRECT ANSWER- mucosa
Which of these structures is found in the stomach but nowhere else in the alimentary
canal? - CORRECT ANSWER- an oblique muscle layer
Which area of the stomach adjoins the small intestine? - CORRECT ANSWER- pylorus
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the stomach? - CORRECT ANSWER-
The stomach releases enzymes to digest carbohydrates.
In a patient suffering from a gastric ulcer caused by Helicobacter pylori, the cells most
likely to have been damaged first are the ______. - CORRECT ANSWER- mucous cells
Some antacid drugs block histamine receptors, resulting in reduction of the production
and excretion of stomach acid. These drugs have the biggest effect on which of the
following? - CORRECT ANSWER- parietal cells
Which of the following constitute a portal triad? - CORRECT ANSWER- a bile duct
along with a portal venule and arteriole
Which of the following best describes the capillary wall structure found in the liver
lobules? - CORRECT ANSWER- The capillary walls have openings that allow large
proteins and small cells to pass through.
Which vessel delivers nutrient-rich blood to the liver from the digestive tract? -
CORRECT ANSWER- hepatic portal vein
What is a major function of pancreatic juice? - CORRECT ANSWER- neutralizing
chyme entering the small intestine from the stomach
A doctor consulting a patient that recently has had their gall bladder removed would
likely advise ________. - CORRECT ANSWER- eating foods that are low in fat
FINAL QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2025
Which major process involves the removal of water from intestinal contents? -
CORRECT ANSWER- absorption
Where does the process of segmentation occur? - CORRECT ANSWER- small intestine
How would you classify chewing food? - CORRECT ANSWER- mechanical breakdown
Which of the following functions is NOT correctly matched with its description? -
CORRECT ANSWER- propulsion: physical breakdown of ingested food in the GI tract
Which of the following is NOT a means of mechanically breaking down food? -
CORRECT ANSWER- peristalsis
The chemical processes of food breakdown are called ________. - CORRECT
ANSWER- digestion
Peristaltic waves are ________. - CORRECT ANSWER- waves of muscular
contractions that propel contents from one point to another
Chemical digestion reduces large complex molecules to simpler compounds by the
process of ________. - CORRECT ANSWER- catabolism
Which layer of the alimentary canal is constructed from either stratified squamous or
simple columnar epithelium? - CORRECT ANSWER- mucosa
Which layer of the alimentary canal is responsible for segmentation and peristalsis? -
CORRECT ANSWER- muscularis externa
Which layer of the alimentary canal contains not only glands and blood vessels but also
a nerve plexus that helps regulate digestive activity? - CORRECT ANSWER-
submucosa
The __________ circulation drains all of the organs of the digestive system. -
CORRECT ANSWER- hepatic portal
,From the esophagus to the anal canal, the walls of every organ of the alimentary canal
are made up of the same four basic layers. Arrange them in order from the lumen. -
CORRECT ANSWER- mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, and serosa
The lamina propria is composed of ________. - CORRECT ANSWER- loose connective
tissue
Which of these is not part of the splanchnic circulation? - CORRECT ANSWER- inferior
vena cava
Nervous control of gastric secretion is provided by ________. - CORRECT ANSWER-
the vagus nerve and enteric plexus
Unitary smooth muscle is found in all hollow organs except for the heart. What structure
do both heart muscle and unitary smooth muscle share that allows them to contract as a
functional group? - CORRECT ANSWER- gap junctions
What muscle forms the labia of the mouth and controls most lip movement, including
puckering? - CORRECT ANSWER- orbicularis oris
The uvula is an extension of the __________. - CORRECT ANSWER- soft palate
Which of the following is NOT a function of saliva? - CORRECT ANSWER- Saliva
contains enzymes that begin the chemical breakdown of proteins.
How many total permanent teeth should an adult have, assuming none have been lost
or removed? - CORRECT ANSWER- 32
The solutes contained in saliva include ________. - CORRECT ANSWER- electrolytes,
digestive enzyme, mucin, lysozyme, wastes, and IgA
Which of the following are types of papillae on the tongue that contain taste buds? -
CORRECT ANSWER- fungiform and circumvallate
What control mechanism opens the gastroesophageal sphincter? - CORRECT
ANSWER- peristalsis in the esophagus
T/F: Another term for swallowing is deglutition. - CORRECT ANSWER- True
, Which of the following is not a common risk factor for acid reflux disease? - CORRECT
ANSWER- sitting upright after a meal
What is the condition called where a proximal portion of the stomach pushes through an
opening in the diaphragm, allowing stomach acid to pass into the esophagus? -
CORRECT ANSWER- hiatal hernia
Which layer of the stomach contains the gastric pits that secrete mucous, acid, and
digestive enzymes? - CORRECT ANSWER- mucosa
Which of these structures is found in the stomach but nowhere else in the alimentary
canal? - CORRECT ANSWER- an oblique muscle layer
Which area of the stomach adjoins the small intestine? - CORRECT ANSWER- pylorus
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the stomach? - CORRECT ANSWER-
The stomach releases enzymes to digest carbohydrates.
In a patient suffering from a gastric ulcer caused by Helicobacter pylori, the cells most
likely to have been damaged first are the ______. - CORRECT ANSWER- mucous cells
Some antacid drugs block histamine receptors, resulting in reduction of the production
and excretion of stomach acid. These drugs have the biggest effect on which of the
following? - CORRECT ANSWER- parietal cells
Which of the following constitute a portal triad? - CORRECT ANSWER- a bile duct
along with a portal venule and arteriole
Which of the following best describes the capillary wall structure found in the liver
lobules? - CORRECT ANSWER- The capillary walls have openings that allow large
proteins and small cells to pass through.
Which vessel delivers nutrient-rich blood to the liver from the digestive tract? -
CORRECT ANSWER- hepatic portal vein
What is a major function of pancreatic juice? - CORRECT ANSWER- neutralizing
chyme entering the small intestine from the stomach
A doctor consulting a patient that recently has had their gall bladder removed would
likely advise ________. - CORRECT ANSWER- eating foods that are low in fat
