COMPLETE FINAL EXAM 2025/2026MED-SURG
1WITH COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
GRADED A+
Where .is .the .best .place .to .begin .to .select .a .vein .for .an .initial .intravenous .(IV) .site .in .a
.left-handed .patient?
Right .forearm .
Antecubital .vein .of .the .left .arm .
Left .forearm .
Antecubital .vein .of .the .right .arm .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Right .Forearm
RATIONALE: .Unless .other .reasons .are .identified, .IV .sites .should .be .started .in .the .most
.distal .portion .of .the .nondominant .arm .or .hand.
A .nurse .assesses .an .area .where .an .intravenous .(IV) .line .had .been .recently .removed. .The
.area .has .redness, .swelling, .and .warmth. .What .should .the .nurse .suspect .as .the .cause? .
Blood .loss .and .hemorrhage .
Embolus .from .the .former .catheter .
Inflammation .and .possible .phlebitis
Infiltration .and .air .embolus .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Inflammation .and .possible .phlebitis
,RATIONALE: .IV .sites .may .show .signs .of .inflammation .or .infection .or .both .after .an .IV .line
.has .been .removed.
The .K+ .laboratory .report .shows .a .level .of .5.2 .mEq/L. .What .is .the .most .important
.assessment .for .the .nurse .to .make? .
Excessive .thirst .
Frightening .hallucinations .
Irregular .heartbeat .
Swelling .of .ankles .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Irregular .heartbeat
RATIONALE: .Arrhythmias .can .be .triggered .by .hyperkalemia.
A .small .child .is .hospitalized .with .severe .metabolic .acidosis .after .ingesting .a .whole .bottle
.of .baby .aspirin .approximately .8 .hours .earlier. .In .addition .to .providing .reassurance .to .the
.patient, .which .nursing .action .is .the .most .appropriate? .
Inducing .vomiting .
Frequently .assessing .the .mental .and .neurologic .status .
Taking .daily .weights .and .vital .signs .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Frequently .assessing .the .mental
.and .neurologic .status
RATIONALE: .The .baby .aspirin .was .ingested .too .long .ago .to .have .vomiting .or .stomach
.aspiration .be .of .any .use. .The .child .requires .frequent .assessment .of .neurologic .function
.because .the .child .may .need .mechanical .ventilation.
When .the .water .absorption .in .the .renal .tubules .becomes .greater .than .normal, .what
.assessment .finding .should .a .nurse .anticipate? .
Less .concentrated .urine .
,More .concentrated .urine .
Less .alkaline .urine
More .alkaline .urine .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-More .concentrated .urine
RATIONALE: .When .more .water .is .kept .back .in .the .body, .the .water .left .to .form .urine .is
.less; .therefore, .the .urine .is .more .concentrated.
A .patient .has .renal .damage .because .of .diabetes. .What .is .the .highest .risk .for .this .patient?
.
Hypokalemia .
Hypercalcemia .
Hyperkalemia .
Hypocalcemia .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Hyperkalemia
RATIONALE: .When .the .renal .system .cannot .rid .the .body .of .enough .K+, .this .electrolyte
.builds .up .and .a .condition .called .hyperkalemia .develops.
A .nurse .understands .that .fluid .balance .is .mainly .monitored .in .the .body .by .which .two
.systems? .
Respiratory .and .circulatory .
Renal .and .gastrointestinal .
Circulatory .and .renal .
Hepatic .and .lymphatic .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Circulatory .and .renal
RATIONALE: .The .monitoring .of .basic .fluid .balance .in .the .body .is .performed .by .the .renal
.and .circulatory .systems.
What .is .usually .associated .with .hyperchloremia?
, Respiratory .acidosis .
Respiratory .alkalosis .
Metabolic .acidosis .
Metabolic .alkalosis .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Metabolic .acidosis
RATIONALE: .Chlorides .bind .with .positively .charged .ions .such .as .K+ .in .the .patient .with
.metabolic .acidosis.
Each .compartment .of .the .body .has .a .water-fluid .distribution .movement .of .its .own. .What
.is .the .process .allowing .these .fluids .to .move .and .distribute .themselves .among
.compartments? .
Active .transport .
Osmosis .
Filtration .
Diffusion .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Osmosis
RATIONALE: .The .intracellular .and .extracellular .compartments .contain .water .and .dissolved
.substances. .The .water .filters .back .and .forth .as .needed .to .maintain .homeostasis .via
.osmolarity.
Which .order .should .be .clarified .by .a .nurse .when .transcribing .orders?
.
Potassium .chloride, .80 .mEq .in .1000 .mL .D5W .in .24 .hours .
Potassium .chloride, .40 .mEq .IV .in .10 .mL .D5W .IV .push .
Potassium .chloride, .80 .mEq .in .1000 .mL .D5W .in .12 .hours .
Potassium .chloride, .50 .mEq .in .500 .mL .D5W .in .4 .hours .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Potassium
.chloride, .40 .mEq .IV .in .10 .mL .D5W .IV .push
1WITH COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
GRADED A+
Where .is .the .best .place .to .begin .to .select .a .vein .for .an .initial .intravenous .(IV) .site .in .a
.left-handed .patient?
Right .forearm .
Antecubital .vein .of .the .left .arm .
Left .forearm .
Antecubital .vein .of .the .right .arm .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Right .Forearm
RATIONALE: .Unless .other .reasons .are .identified, .IV .sites .should .be .started .in .the .most
.distal .portion .of .the .nondominant .arm .or .hand.
A .nurse .assesses .an .area .where .an .intravenous .(IV) .line .had .been .recently .removed. .The
.area .has .redness, .swelling, .and .warmth. .What .should .the .nurse .suspect .as .the .cause? .
Blood .loss .and .hemorrhage .
Embolus .from .the .former .catheter .
Inflammation .and .possible .phlebitis
Infiltration .and .air .embolus .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Inflammation .and .possible .phlebitis
,RATIONALE: .IV .sites .may .show .signs .of .inflammation .or .infection .or .both .after .an .IV .line
.has .been .removed.
The .K+ .laboratory .report .shows .a .level .of .5.2 .mEq/L. .What .is .the .most .important
.assessment .for .the .nurse .to .make? .
Excessive .thirst .
Frightening .hallucinations .
Irregular .heartbeat .
Swelling .of .ankles .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Irregular .heartbeat
RATIONALE: .Arrhythmias .can .be .triggered .by .hyperkalemia.
A .small .child .is .hospitalized .with .severe .metabolic .acidosis .after .ingesting .a .whole .bottle
.of .baby .aspirin .approximately .8 .hours .earlier. .In .addition .to .providing .reassurance .to .the
.patient, .which .nursing .action .is .the .most .appropriate? .
Inducing .vomiting .
Frequently .assessing .the .mental .and .neurologic .status .
Taking .daily .weights .and .vital .signs .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Frequently .assessing .the .mental
.and .neurologic .status
RATIONALE: .The .baby .aspirin .was .ingested .too .long .ago .to .have .vomiting .or .stomach
.aspiration .be .of .any .use. .The .child .requires .frequent .assessment .of .neurologic .function
.because .the .child .may .need .mechanical .ventilation.
When .the .water .absorption .in .the .renal .tubules .becomes .greater .than .normal, .what
.assessment .finding .should .a .nurse .anticipate? .
Less .concentrated .urine .
,More .concentrated .urine .
Less .alkaline .urine
More .alkaline .urine .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-More .concentrated .urine
RATIONALE: .When .more .water .is .kept .back .in .the .body, .the .water .left .to .form .urine .is
.less; .therefore, .the .urine .is .more .concentrated.
A .patient .has .renal .damage .because .of .diabetes. .What .is .the .highest .risk .for .this .patient?
.
Hypokalemia .
Hypercalcemia .
Hyperkalemia .
Hypocalcemia .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Hyperkalemia
RATIONALE: .When .the .renal .system .cannot .rid .the .body .of .enough .K+, .this .electrolyte
.builds .up .and .a .condition .called .hyperkalemia .develops.
A .nurse .understands .that .fluid .balance .is .mainly .monitored .in .the .body .by .which .two
.systems? .
Respiratory .and .circulatory .
Renal .and .gastrointestinal .
Circulatory .and .renal .
Hepatic .and .lymphatic .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Circulatory .and .renal
RATIONALE: .The .monitoring .of .basic .fluid .balance .in .the .body .is .performed .by .the .renal
.and .circulatory .systems.
What .is .usually .associated .with .hyperchloremia?
, Respiratory .acidosis .
Respiratory .alkalosis .
Metabolic .acidosis .
Metabolic .alkalosis .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Metabolic .acidosis
RATIONALE: .Chlorides .bind .with .positively .charged .ions .such .as .K+ .in .the .patient .with
.metabolic .acidosis.
Each .compartment .of .the .body .has .a .water-fluid .distribution .movement .of .its .own. .What
.is .the .process .allowing .these .fluids .to .move .and .distribute .themselves .among
.compartments? .
Active .transport .
Osmosis .
Filtration .
Diffusion .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Osmosis
RATIONALE: .The .intracellular .and .extracellular .compartments .contain .water .and .dissolved
.substances. .The .water .filters .back .and .forth .as .needed .to .maintain .homeostasis .via
.osmolarity.
Which .order .should .be .clarified .by .a .nurse .when .transcribing .orders?
.
Potassium .chloride, .80 .mEq .in .1000 .mL .D5W .in .24 .hours .
Potassium .chloride, .40 .mEq .IV .in .10 .mL .D5W .IV .push .
Potassium .chloride, .80 .mEq .in .1000 .mL .D5W .in .12 .hours .
Potassium .chloride, .50 .mEq .in .500 .mL .D5W .in .4 .hours .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Potassium
.chloride, .40 .mEq .IV .in .10 .mL .D5W .IV .push
