BIOS 252 | BIOS252 Midterm Exam |
Anatomy and Physiology II with Lab |
Essay Questions and Answers |
Chamberlain
Describe Intrinsic Factor
- Correct Answer - Produced by parietal cells
Nothing to do with gastric juices or stomach, just made in stomach.
Used to help digest Vitamin B-12. This is in animals which is made by
bacteria. We don't have B-12 receptors and very little is passively
absorbed but we have a protein that binds and is a carrier --> Intrinsic
Factor
Describe how old people and vegans have an issue absorbing Vitamin
B-12 and what are the solutions
- Correct Answer - As you age you have decreased parietal cell
production which is a decrease in Intrinsic Factor and HCl, if we have a
decrease in Intrinsic Factor than we have a decrease in B-12 absorption.
Solutions- If your vegan, you can be given B-12 pills made from bacteria
in a lab because you still have enough Intrinsic Factor to absorb it.
,Solutions - If your old, this doesn't work. So you take B-12 pills sub-
lingual because there are lots of capillaries here and goes into blood and
bypasses the digestive, this can be used for not just B-12.
What makes up gastric juice
- Correct Answer - the juices from the different gastric pits combined
Pepsin - Chief Cells
Mucus - Mucus Neck Cells
HCl - Parietal Cells
What are the 3 functions of HCl
- Correct Answer - -Creates the environment to convert pepsinogen into
pepsin to digest proteins.
-breaks down cell walls of plant cells
-defense against pathogens
What happens without G-cells
- Correct Answer - Without G-Cells, there is no gastrin produced, which
stimulates Chief and Parietal. Without gastrin you still produce HCl and
pepsinogen but just not as much.
How are gastric ulcers formed and what happens
, Also, what are solutions
- Correct Answer - These Gastric Ulcers are caused by Helicobacteria,
many of us have them but just not active. These are MEAN bacteria that
penetrate mucus lining, HCl is now exposed to things so it burns.
Antibiotics which don't always work and also a diet that is less acidic to
reduce pain.
What is the difference between pepsin and other digestive enzyme
- Correct Answer - pepsin requires an acidic pH while the rest require
alkaline.
Why the stomach is acidic and the S.I. is alkaline.
LC
Which of the following do NOT stimulate the secretion of HCl in stomach
- Correct Answer - Secretin, is a hormone released by enteroendocrine
cells in the S.I. that is stimulated by acidic chyme. It is a negative
feedback because it causes
Why does small intestine inhibit HCl secretion and how?
- Correct Answer - The small intestine needs time to digest, so it tells the
person before it in the assembly line (stomach) to slow down, it does this
when it receives acid chyme from the stomach which the small intestine
doesn't like.....
Anatomy and Physiology II with Lab |
Essay Questions and Answers |
Chamberlain
Describe Intrinsic Factor
- Correct Answer - Produced by parietal cells
Nothing to do with gastric juices or stomach, just made in stomach.
Used to help digest Vitamin B-12. This is in animals which is made by
bacteria. We don't have B-12 receptors and very little is passively
absorbed but we have a protein that binds and is a carrier --> Intrinsic
Factor
Describe how old people and vegans have an issue absorbing Vitamin
B-12 and what are the solutions
- Correct Answer - As you age you have decreased parietal cell
production which is a decrease in Intrinsic Factor and HCl, if we have a
decrease in Intrinsic Factor than we have a decrease in B-12 absorption.
Solutions- If your vegan, you can be given B-12 pills made from bacteria
in a lab because you still have enough Intrinsic Factor to absorb it.
,Solutions - If your old, this doesn't work. So you take B-12 pills sub-
lingual because there are lots of capillaries here and goes into blood and
bypasses the digestive, this can be used for not just B-12.
What makes up gastric juice
- Correct Answer - the juices from the different gastric pits combined
Pepsin - Chief Cells
Mucus - Mucus Neck Cells
HCl - Parietal Cells
What are the 3 functions of HCl
- Correct Answer - -Creates the environment to convert pepsinogen into
pepsin to digest proteins.
-breaks down cell walls of plant cells
-defense against pathogens
What happens without G-cells
- Correct Answer - Without G-Cells, there is no gastrin produced, which
stimulates Chief and Parietal. Without gastrin you still produce HCl and
pepsinogen but just not as much.
How are gastric ulcers formed and what happens
, Also, what are solutions
- Correct Answer - These Gastric Ulcers are caused by Helicobacteria,
many of us have them but just not active. These are MEAN bacteria that
penetrate mucus lining, HCl is now exposed to things so it burns.
Antibiotics which don't always work and also a diet that is less acidic to
reduce pain.
What is the difference between pepsin and other digestive enzyme
- Correct Answer - pepsin requires an acidic pH while the rest require
alkaline.
Why the stomach is acidic and the S.I. is alkaline.
LC
Which of the following do NOT stimulate the secretion of HCl in stomach
- Correct Answer - Secretin, is a hormone released by enteroendocrine
cells in the S.I. that is stimulated by acidic chyme. It is a negative
feedback because it causes
Why does small intestine inhibit HCl secretion and how?
- Correct Answer - The small intestine needs time to digest, so it tells the
person before it in the assembly line (stomach) to slow down, it does this
when it receives acid chyme from the stomach which the small intestine
doesn't like.....
