1
2025 DAVITA FINAL EXAM | ALL QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS | VERIFIED ANSWERS | LATEST
EXAM | ALREADY GRADED A+
Explain the four transport mechanisms that play a role in hemodialysis -
..(ANSWER)...● Ultrafiltration: Fluid is pushed through a semipermeable
membrane.
● Convection: Or solute drag means that solutes move with the water across the
semipermeable membrane. In this way, convection adds to the clearance
achieved through diffusion as solutes are dragged along with the ultrafiltrate.
● Diffusion: Is the movement of dissolved particles across a semipermeable
membrane from the side with the higher concentration to the side with the lower
concentration. This difference in solute concentration on each side of the
membrane is called concentration gradient. The higher the concentration
gradient, the faster diffusion occurs. Once the concentration of a dissolved
particle is the same on both sides of the semipermeable membrane, diffusion
stops.
● Osmosis: Is a chemical process by which dissolved chemicals will migrate from
an area of high concentration to one of low
concentration. Essentially if you dissolve something in a liquid, the dissolved
compounds (called solutes) will spread out until there is
an equal concentration of solute everywhere.
, 2
What are the kidneys excretory functions - ..(ANSWER)...To normalize
electrolytes, remove wastes, provide fluid and nutrient balance
What is the function of the acid concentration - ..(ANSWER)...Provides the
concentration gradient for diffusion and helps normalize electrolytes
What is the function of bicarbonate - ..(ANSWER)...Buffers the acid concentrate
Signs and symptoms of hyperkalemia - ..(ANSWER)...> 5.5 mEq: extreme muscle
weakness, abnormal heart rhythm, possible cardiac arrest
Signs and symptoms of hypokalemia - ..(ANSWER)...< 3.5 mEq: fatigue, muscle
weakness, paralysis, respiratory failure, cardiac instability, arrhythmias, cardiac
arrest
What are the kidneys endocrine functions - ..(ANSWER)...Renin secretion,
Erythropoeitin secretion, Vit D Activation
How do we replace normal endocrine kidney functions - ..(ANSWER)...Provide
medications
How much of normal kidney function is replaced by hemodialysis -
..(ANSWER)...15%
, 3
What is uremia and how does it affect the body? - ..(ANSWER)...Uremia is a
buildup of wastes in the blood due to kidney failure and affects all body systems.
What are the most common causes of CKD in the usa? - ..(ANSWER)...Diabetes
Hypertension
Polycystic Kidney Disease
Outline the treatment goals for a patient with CKD - ..(ANSWER)...-slowing the
progression of ckd
-managing comorbidities and complications
-controlling symptoms
-minimizing the effects of ckd on patients' lifestyles
-kidney replacement therapy modality education
-encouraging patients to actively participate in their healthcare
Why is it important to know what caused your patients CKD - ..(ANSWER)...So the
nurse and PCT can inquire about possible problems during data collection and
assessment
Why is sodium balance important? - ..(ANSWER)...Leads to volume expansion,
increased cardiac output, increased peripheral vascular resistance, and increased
blood pressure
, 4
Signs and symptoms of fluid imbalance - ..(ANSWER)...Edema, hypertension,
shortness of breath
Systemic effects of CKD what would you advise for a patient who complains of:
dry itchy skin, peripheral neuropathy(nerve pain in extremities) and gi problems -
..(ANSWER)...Use hyper-fatted soaps and lotions, monitor patient for changes in
motor function and inform RN and physician of any bleeding
problems/constipation/diarrhea
What is the consequences of prolonged fluid overload and hypertension -
..(ANSWER)...Left ventricular hypertrophy
What is Percarditis? - ..(ANSWER)...Inflammation of the membrane (pericardial
sac) around the heart
What is a common cause of hypertension in dialysis patients - ..(ANSWER)...fluid
overload
Left ventricular hypertrophy leads to - ..(ANSWER)...Ischemic heart disease,
arrhythmia, myocardial infarction, and sudden death
Why are dialysis patients anemic? - ..(ANSWER)...1. the lifespan of their red blood
cell is 60 days 1/2 of the normal 120 days.
2025 DAVITA FINAL EXAM | ALL QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS | VERIFIED ANSWERS | LATEST
EXAM | ALREADY GRADED A+
Explain the four transport mechanisms that play a role in hemodialysis -
..(ANSWER)...● Ultrafiltration: Fluid is pushed through a semipermeable
membrane.
● Convection: Or solute drag means that solutes move with the water across the
semipermeable membrane. In this way, convection adds to the clearance
achieved through diffusion as solutes are dragged along with the ultrafiltrate.
● Diffusion: Is the movement of dissolved particles across a semipermeable
membrane from the side with the higher concentration to the side with the lower
concentration. This difference in solute concentration on each side of the
membrane is called concentration gradient. The higher the concentration
gradient, the faster diffusion occurs. Once the concentration of a dissolved
particle is the same on both sides of the semipermeable membrane, diffusion
stops.
● Osmosis: Is a chemical process by which dissolved chemicals will migrate from
an area of high concentration to one of low
concentration. Essentially if you dissolve something in a liquid, the dissolved
compounds (called solutes) will spread out until there is
an equal concentration of solute everywhere.
, 2
What are the kidneys excretory functions - ..(ANSWER)...To normalize
electrolytes, remove wastes, provide fluid and nutrient balance
What is the function of the acid concentration - ..(ANSWER)...Provides the
concentration gradient for diffusion and helps normalize electrolytes
What is the function of bicarbonate - ..(ANSWER)...Buffers the acid concentrate
Signs and symptoms of hyperkalemia - ..(ANSWER)...> 5.5 mEq: extreme muscle
weakness, abnormal heart rhythm, possible cardiac arrest
Signs and symptoms of hypokalemia - ..(ANSWER)...< 3.5 mEq: fatigue, muscle
weakness, paralysis, respiratory failure, cardiac instability, arrhythmias, cardiac
arrest
What are the kidneys endocrine functions - ..(ANSWER)...Renin secretion,
Erythropoeitin secretion, Vit D Activation
How do we replace normal endocrine kidney functions - ..(ANSWER)...Provide
medications
How much of normal kidney function is replaced by hemodialysis -
..(ANSWER)...15%
, 3
What is uremia and how does it affect the body? - ..(ANSWER)...Uremia is a
buildup of wastes in the blood due to kidney failure and affects all body systems.
What are the most common causes of CKD in the usa? - ..(ANSWER)...Diabetes
Hypertension
Polycystic Kidney Disease
Outline the treatment goals for a patient with CKD - ..(ANSWER)...-slowing the
progression of ckd
-managing comorbidities and complications
-controlling symptoms
-minimizing the effects of ckd on patients' lifestyles
-kidney replacement therapy modality education
-encouraging patients to actively participate in their healthcare
Why is it important to know what caused your patients CKD - ..(ANSWER)...So the
nurse and PCT can inquire about possible problems during data collection and
assessment
Why is sodium balance important? - ..(ANSWER)...Leads to volume expansion,
increased cardiac output, increased peripheral vascular resistance, and increased
blood pressure
, 4
Signs and symptoms of fluid imbalance - ..(ANSWER)...Edema, hypertension,
shortness of breath
Systemic effects of CKD what would you advise for a patient who complains of:
dry itchy skin, peripheral neuropathy(nerve pain in extremities) and gi problems -
..(ANSWER)...Use hyper-fatted soaps and lotions, monitor patient for changes in
motor function and inform RN and physician of any bleeding
problems/constipation/diarrhea
What is the consequences of prolonged fluid overload and hypertension -
..(ANSWER)...Left ventricular hypertrophy
What is Percarditis? - ..(ANSWER)...Inflammation of the membrane (pericardial
sac) around the heart
What is a common cause of hypertension in dialysis patients - ..(ANSWER)...fluid
overload
Left ventricular hypertrophy leads to - ..(ANSWER)...Ischemic heart disease,
arrhythmia, myocardial infarction, and sudden death
Why are dialysis patients anemic? - ..(ANSWER)...1. the lifespan of their red blood
cell is 60 days 1/2 of the normal 120 days.
