Test Bank For Pediatric Physical Examination An Illustrated Handbook 3rd Edition by Karen G. Duderstadt 9780323476508 Chapter 1-20 Complete Guide

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PediatricPhysical Examination3rdEdition DuderstadtTESTBANK i i i i i i




Chapter 1: Approach to Care and Assessment of Children and Adolescents
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MULTIPLE CHOICE i




1. A nurse is reviewing developmental concepts for infants and children. Which statement best
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describes development in infants and children?
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a. Development, a predictable and orderly process, occurs at varying rates within i i i i i i i i i i


normal limits.
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b. Development is primarily related to the growth in the number and size of cells. i i i i i i i i i i i i i




c. Development occurs in a proximodistal direction with fine muscle development i i i i i i i i i


occurring first.
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d. Development is more easily and accurately measured than growth. i i i i i i i i




ANS: A i




Development, a continuous orderly process, provides the basis for increases in the childs function
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and complexity of behavior. The increases in rate of function and complexity can vary normally
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within limits for each child. An increase in the number and size of cells is a definition for growth.
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Development proceeds in a proximodistal direction with fine muscle organization occurring as a
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result of large muscle organization. Development is a more complex process that is affected by
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many factors; therefore, it is less easily and accurately measured. Growth is a predictable process
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with standard measurement methods.
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2. Frequent developmental assessments are important for which reason?
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a. Stable developmental periods during infancy provide an opportunity to identify
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any delays or deficits.
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b. Infants need stimulation specific to the stage of development.
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c. Critical periods of development occur during childhood.i i i i i i




d. Child development is unpredictable and needs monitoring.
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ANS: C i




Critical periods are blocks of time during which children are ready to master specific
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developmental tasks. Children can master these tasks more easily during particular periods of time
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in their growth and developmental process. Infancy is a dynamic time of development that requires
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frequent evaluations to assess appropriate developmental progress. Infants in a nurturing
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environment will develop appropriately and will not necessarily need stimulation specific to their
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developmental stage. Normal growth and development are orderly and proceed in a predictable
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pattern on the basis of each individuals abilities and potentials.
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3. Which factor has the greatest influence on child growth and development?
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a. Culture

b. Environment

c. Genetics

d. Nutrition


ANS: C i




Genetic factors (heredity) determine each individuals growth and developmental rate. Although
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factors such as environment, culture, nutrition, and family can influence genetic traits, they do not
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eliminate the effect of the genetic endowment, which is permanent. Culture is a significant factor
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that influences how children grow toward adulthood. Culture influences both growth and
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development but does not eliminate inborn genetic influences. Environment has a significant role in
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determining growth and development both before and after birth. The environment can influence
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how and to which extent genetic traits are manifested, but environmental factors cannot eliminate
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the effect of genetics. Nutrition is critical for growth and plays a significant role throughout
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childhood.
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4. A nurse is planning a teaching session with a child. According to Piagetian theory, the period of
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cognitive development in which the child is able to distinguish fact from fantasy is the
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i period of cognitive development.
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a. sensorimotor




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