, Chapter 1
Psychology comes from the Greek word psyche which means
"soul" or "mind"
What is psychology?
The scientific study of behavior and mental process
wilhelm Wundt a German psychologist who established
the first psychology lab in 1879
Espoused structuralism
Conscious experience can be broken down into its underlying
components or elements
William James believed the mind COULD NOT be William James
broken down into its component elements wrote principles
Espoused functionalism of psychology
Highlighted the adaptive purpose or function of mind and behavior
Sigmund Freud emphasized the role of the unconscious in shaping
human behavior
Developed psychoanalysis as a treatment for psychological
disorders
Watson developed the approach known as behaviorism
Emphasizes the role of environmental forces in shaping behavior
B.F. Skinner later expanded on watSon's early work
Nativism: the human mind is created with pre-existing structures
and information (nature)
Empiricism: the human mind is shaped by the environment
(nurture)
Nature and nurture - how do heredity and environment interact
to influence behavior and mental processes?
Culture- how does culture shape behavior and mental processes?
Gender- how gender impact behavior and mental processes
Positive psychology - what is positive about human beings?
,Psychology's subfields: basic research
Biological → explore links between brain and mind
Developmental → study changing abilities from womb to tomb
Cognitive → study how we perceive, think, and solve problems
Personality → investigate our persistent traits
Social → explore how we view and affect one another
Psychology's subfields: applied
Clinical → studies, assess, and treats People with psychological
disorders
Counseling → helps People cope with academic, vocational, and
marital challenges
Educational → studies and helps individuals in school and
educational settings
Psychoanalysis is a treatment for psychological disorders
Unconscious conflicts can produce psychological disorders
, Chapter 1
Psychology is the Psychologists are scientists who
scientific study of work in a variety of subfields each
behavior and mental of which centers on the study of
processes behavior and underlying mental
processes
Basic research
Not to find solutions but to gather knowledge for the sake of knowledge
Applied research
Changing behaviors and outcomes which often leads to real world
applications
The behavioral Quantitative is measurable
perspective was Qualitative is not number based
especially dominant
between 1930 - 1950 Myth Reality
"Blowing off steam" Unleashing anger actually
or expressing anger may make you more
is good for you aggressive
Most Old people live People actually become
sad and alone happier with age
Punishment is a a Punishment can lead to
good way to change unwanted results
behavior in the long
run
Hindsight bias Critical thinking
The impression that psychology is
-
Involves weighing pieces of
common sense, or obvious and evidence and considering the
predictable source and quality of info
"I knew it all along"
70% of psychologists specialize in clinical / counseling field
Psychology comes from the Greek word psyche which means
"soul" or "mind"
What is psychology?
The scientific study of behavior and mental process
wilhelm Wundt a German psychologist who established
the first psychology lab in 1879
Espoused structuralism
Conscious experience can be broken down into its underlying
components or elements
William James believed the mind COULD NOT be William James
broken down into its component elements wrote principles
Espoused functionalism of psychology
Highlighted the adaptive purpose or function of mind and behavior
Sigmund Freud emphasized the role of the unconscious in shaping
human behavior
Developed psychoanalysis as a treatment for psychological
disorders
Watson developed the approach known as behaviorism
Emphasizes the role of environmental forces in shaping behavior
B.F. Skinner later expanded on watSon's early work
Nativism: the human mind is created with pre-existing structures
and information (nature)
Empiricism: the human mind is shaped by the environment
(nurture)
Nature and nurture - how do heredity and environment interact
to influence behavior and mental processes?
Culture- how does culture shape behavior and mental processes?
Gender- how gender impact behavior and mental processes
Positive psychology - what is positive about human beings?
,Psychology's subfields: basic research
Biological → explore links between brain and mind
Developmental → study changing abilities from womb to tomb
Cognitive → study how we perceive, think, and solve problems
Personality → investigate our persistent traits
Social → explore how we view and affect one another
Psychology's subfields: applied
Clinical → studies, assess, and treats People with psychological
disorders
Counseling → helps People cope with academic, vocational, and
marital challenges
Educational → studies and helps individuals in school and
educational settings
Psychoanalysis is a treatment for psychological disorders
Unconscious conflicts can produce psychological disorders
, Chapter 1
Psychology is the Psychologists are scientists who
scientific study of work in a variety of subfields each
behavior and mental of which centers on the study of
processes behavior and underlying mental
processes
Basic research
Not to find solutions but to gather knowledge for the sake of knowledge
Applied research
Changing behaviors and outcomes which often leads to real world
applications
The behavioral Quantitative is measurable
perspective was Qualitative is not number based
especially dominant
between 1930 - 1950 Myth Reality
"Blowing off steam" Unleashing anger actually
or expressing anger may make you more
is good for you aggressive
Most Old people live People actually become
sad and alone happier with age
Punishment is a a Punishment can lead to
good way to change unwanted results
behavior in the long
run
Hindsight bias Critical thinking
The impression that psychology is
-
Involves weighing pieces of
common sense, or obvious and evidence and considering the
predictable source and quality of info
"I knew it all along"
70% of psychologists specialize in clinical / counseling field
