BNHE502 Exam Questions and Answers Already Passed
Piaget - Answers Cognitive development - bases on observations of how children develop their
understanding
Piaget: Sensorimotor Stage - Answers 0-2 years
co-ordination of sensory experiences (seeing and hearing) with physical action object permanence
Piaget: Preoperational phase - Answers 2-7 years
Development of language, memory, and imagination.
Egocentricity and intuitive stage
Symbolic thought
Piaget Concrete Operational Stage - Answers 7-11
Logical methodical manipulation of symbols
Less egocentric more aware of outside world and events
operational thought
Piaget Formal Operational Stage - Answers 11+
Advanced cognitive abilities allow us to understand abstract concepts such as success, failure, etc. Think
more rationally (make decisions on our own).
Define object permanence - Answers Understanding that objects continue to exist even when not in
view, heard or touched
Define symbolic thought - Answers The representation of reality through the use of abstract concepts
The ability to represent people, objects and events (even those which aren't present) by using internal
symbols or images.
Define operational thought - Answers Mental actions that are reversible
Define abstract thought - Answers a complex thought process where ideas are the focus rather than
tangible (touchable) objects
Define schema - Answers a concept or framework that organizes and interprets information
Define Assimilation - Answers interpreting our new experiences in terms of our existing schemas
, Define accommodation - Answers adapting our current understandings (schemas) to incorporate new
information
Define classification - Answers the action or process of classifying something according to shared
qualities or characteristics.
The ability to use categorical information to solve problems
Define conservation (think cup) - Answers Logical thinking ability that allows a person to determine that
a certain quantity will remain the same despite adjustments of the container, shape, or apparent size
three mountain task - Answers A task invented by Piaget and Inhelder, in which children are asked to
look at a model of a landscape marked by hills and mountains and tell how it looks from a perspective
different from their own.
Vygotsky's Theory - Answers A sociocultural cognitive theory that emphasizes how culture and social
interaction guide cognitive development.
ZPD (zone of proximal development) - Answers areas where a learner can accomplish a cognitive task
with guidance
Erikson's Theory - Answers Theory that proposes eight stages of human development. Each stage
consists of a unique developmental task that confronts individuals with a crisis that must be resolved.
Erikson's Trust vs. Mistrust - Answers Birth-18 months
Ability to trust others to meet needs and beginning to self trust vs withdrawal e.g. trust the care giver is
out of sight without becoming stressed
Erikson's Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt - Answers 18months - 3 years
Ability to act independently, develop self-control versus defiance. Develop sense of own abilities
Erikson's Initiative vs. Guilt - Answers 3-5 years
Imitate roles, follows rules, sense of purpose/achievement of goals vs restrictions or self-denial
Erikson's Industry vs. Inferiority - Answers 6-12
Ability to make friends (work and play) achieve tasks versus withdrawal from school and friends
judgement of performance helps or hinders
Erikson's Identity vs role confusion - Answers 12-21
Developing the understanding of self "who am I?" "What kind of adult will I become?" Personal beliefs
vs confusion indecisiveness and antisocial behaviour
Erikson's Intimacy vs isolation - Answers 21-35
Piaget - Answers Cognitive development - bases on observations of how children develop their
understanding
Piaget: Sensorimotor Stage - Answers 0-2 years
co-ordination of sensory experiences (seeing and hearing) with physical action object permanence
Piaget: Preoperational phase - Answers 2-7 years
Development of language, memory, and imagination.
Egocentricity and intuitive stage
Symbolic thought
Piaget Concrete Operational Stage - Answers 7-11
Logical methodical manipulation of symbols
Less egocentric more aware of outside world and events
operational thought
Piaget Formal Operational Stage - Answers 11+
Advanced cognitive abilities allow us to understand abstract concepts such as success, failure, etc. Think
more rationally (make decisions on our own).
Define object permanence - Answers Understanding that objects continue to exist even when not in
view, heard or touched
Define symbolic thought - Answers The representation of reality through the use of abstract concepts
The ability to represent people, objects and events (even those which aren't present) by using internal
symbols or images.
Define operational thought - Answers Mental actions that are reversible
Define abstract thought - Answers a complex thought process where ideas are the focus rather than
tangible (touchable) objects
Define schema - Answers a concept or framework that organizes and interprets information
Define Assimilation - Answers interpreting our new experiences in terms of our existing schemas
, Define accommodation - Answers adapting our current understandings (schemas) to incorporate new
information
Define classification - Answers the action or process of classifying something according to shared
qualities or characteristics.
The ability to use categorical information to solve problems
Define conservation (think cup) - Answers Logical thinking ability that allows a person to determine that
a certain quantity will remain the same despite adjustments of the container, shape, or apparent size
three mountain task - Answers A task invented by Piaget and Inhelder, in which children are asked to
look at a model of a landscape marked by hills and mountains and tell how it looks from a perspective
different from their own.
Vygotsky's Theory - Answers A sociocultural cognitive theory that emphasizes how culture and social
interaction guide cognitive development.
ZPD (zone of proximal development) - Answers areas where a learner can accomplish a cognitive task
with guidance
Erikson's Theory - Answers Theory that proposes eight stages of human development. Each stage
consists of a unique developmental task that confronts individuals with a crisis that must be resolved.
Erikson's Trust vs. Mistrust - Answers Birth-18 months
Ability to trust others to meet needs and beginning to self trust vs withdrawal e.g. trust the care giver is
out of sight without becoming stressed
Erikson's Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt - Answers 18months - 3 years
Ability to act independently, develop self-control versus defiance. Develop sense of own abilities
Erikson's Initiative vs. Guilt - Answers 3-5 years
Imitate roles, follows rules, sense of purpose/achievement of goals vs restrictions or self-denial
Erikson's Industry vs. Inferiority - Answers 6-12
Ability to make friends (work and play) achieve tasks versus withdrawal from school and friends
judgement of performance helps or hinders
Erikson's Identity vs role confusion - Answers 12-21
Developing the understanding of self "who am I?" "What kind of adult will I become?" Personal beliefs
vs confusion indecisiveness and antisocial behaviour
Erikson's Intimacy vs isolation - Answers 21-35
