ACS ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 11 FINAL EXAM
2025 PREP QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS GRADED
A+
In oxidative addition products of alkenes and alkynes, which reagents can be used?
Cold, alkaline permanganate, osmium tetroxide and proxy acids.
Chromic acid is an oxidizing reagent that
does not oxidize ketones; but it can oxidize C-C double bonds.
How are reductions of carbonyl compounds usually done?
complex metal hydrides
How are reductions of alkenes usually done?
Catalytic hydrogenation
How are reductions of alkynes usually done?
Catalytic hydrogenation or alkali metals in ammonia (dissolving metal reductions)
,What can react with alcohols to produce a ketone?
PCC (converts primary alcohols to aldehydes and secondary alcohols to ketones;
doesn't affect C=C bonds.
What can react with secondary alcohols to give ketones?
KMnO4, NaOH. But it can also react with double bonds.
What are the two types of free-radical reactions?
substitution and addition.
How can the free-radical addition reaction of
1. HBr + alkene + peroxides
2. the polymerization of alkenes or dienes
be initiated?
heat, peroxides, or UV light
What is the trend in stability for organic radicals/carbocations?
,allylic/benzylic > 3 alkyl > 2 alkyl > 1 alkyl > methyl > vinylic/aryl
*Allylic and benzylic radicals are especially easy to generate because of the
stabilization caused by resonance.
* when formed in a ring, the C+ will form preferentially to the C that can be
stabilized by resonance.
What conditions will usually indicate a radical reaction?
AIBN (a radical initiator), peroxides, UV light, or high temps (300-500 C)
Groups that reduce electron density of a ring by resonance or induction will
cause the ring to be less reactive than benzene
Groups that increase the electron density of the ring by resonance or induction will
be more reactive than benzene
What is the IUPAC priority for naming?
Carboxylic acid > Ketone > Aldehyde > Alcohol
, In IUPAC naming, what is the suffix used for ketone groups?
-one
In IUPAC naming, what is the suffix used for alcohol groups?
-nol
In IUPAC naming, what is the suffix used for esters?
-noate
Benzyl group
Phenyl group
ethanoic acid
(E) isomers vs. (Z) isomers. Which one is observed when the higher ranked
molecules are on the same side? opposite?
2025 PREP QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS GRADED
A+
In oxidative addition products of alkenes and alkynes, which reagents can be used?
Cold, alkaline permanganate, osmium tetroxide and proxy acids.
Chromic acid is an oxidizing reagent that
does not oxidize ketones; but it can oxidize C-C double bonds.
How are reductions of carbonyl compounds usually done?
complex metal hydrides
How are reductions of alkenes usually done?
Catalytic hydrogenation
How are reductions of alkynes usually done?
Catalytic hydrogenation or alkali metals in ammonia (dissolving metal reductions)
,What can react with alcohols to produce a ketone?
PCC (converts primary alcohols to aldehydes and secondary alcohols to ketones;
doesn't affect C=C bonds.
What can react with secondary alcohols to give ketones?
KMnO4, NaOH. But it can also react with double bonds.
What are the two types of free-radical reactions?
substitution and addition.
How can the free-radical addition reaction of
1. HBr + alkene + peroxides
2. the polymerization of alkenes or dienes
be initiated?
heat, peroxides, or UV light
What is the trend in stability for organic radicals/carbocations?
,allylic/benzylic > 3 alkyl > 2 alkyl > 1 alkyl > methyl > vinylic/aryl
*Allylic and benzylic radicals are especially easy to generate because of the
stabilization caused by resonance.
* when formed in a ring, the C+ will form preferentially to the C that can be
stabilized by resonance.
What conditions will usually indicate a radical reaction?
AIBN (a radical initiator), peroxides, UV light, or high temps (300-500 C)
Groups that reduce electron density of a ring by resonance or induction will
cause the ring to be less reactive than benzene
Groups that increase the electron density of the ring by resonance or induction will
be more reactive than benzene
What is the IUPAC priority for naming?
Carboxylic acid > Ketone > Aldehyde > Alcohol
, In IUPAC naming, what is the suffix used for ketone groups?
-one
In IUPAC naming, what is the suffix used for alcohol groups?
-nol
In IUPAC naming, what is the suffix used for esters?
-noate
Benzyl group
Phenyl group
ethanoic acid
(E) isomers vs. (Z) isomers. Which one is observed when the higher ranked
molecules are on the same side? opposite?
