ENVS 200 Final Exam with Questions and
Correct Answers 2025
metapopulation,.-,.CORRECT,.ANSWER-
a,.population,.consisting,.of,.a,.collection,.of,.subpopulations,,.each,.one,.of,.which,.has,.a,.re
alistic,.chance,.both,.of,.going,.extinct,.and,.of,.appearing,.again,.through,.recolonization.
habitat,.patches,.-,.CORRECT,.ANSWER-
Areas,.of,.suitable,.habitat,.for,.a,.species,.that,.are,.separated,.by,.areas,.of,.unsuitable,.habit
at.
disturbance,.-,.CORRECT,.ANSWER-Event,.that,.opens,.up,.a,.Gap
Gap,.-,.CORRECT,.ANSWER-
patches,.within,.which,.many,.species,.suffer,.local,.extinction,.simultaneously.,.(In,.forests,,.
high,.winds,,.elephants,,.or,.simply,.the,.death,.of,.a,.tree,.through,.old,.age)
founder-controlled,.communities,.-,.CORRECT,.ANSWER-
community,.where,.species,.are,.approximately,.equivalent,.in,.their,.ability,.to,.invade,.gaps,.
and,.can,.hold,.the,.gaps,.against,.all,.comers,.during,.their,.lifetime.,.On,.each,.occasion,.that,
.a,.population,.goes,.locally,.extinct,.a,.gap,.is,.opened,.up,.for,.invasion.
Priority,.Effect,.-,.CORRECT,.ANSWER-
effect,.between,.competing,.species,.in,.which,.the,.species,.that,.arrives,.first,.at,.a,.site,.is,.ab
le,.to,.hold,.it,.against,.competing,.invades,,.whatever,.the,.outcome,.would,.be,.if,.they,.comp
eted,.as,.simultaneously,.arriving,.equals.
dominance-controlled,.communities,.-,.CORRECT,.ANSWER-
communities,.where,.some,.species,.are,.competitively,.superior,.to,.others,.and,.an,.initial,.c
olonizer,.of,.a,.patch,.cannot,.necessarily,.maintain,.its,.presence,.there.
, community,.successions,.-,.CORRECT,.ANSWER-
disturbances,.that,.open,.up,.gaps,.lead,.to,.reasonable,.predictable,.sequences,.of,.species,
,.because,.different,.species,.have,.different,.strategies,.for,.exploiting,.resources,.-
,.early,.species,.are,.good,.colonizers,.and,.fast,.growers,,.whereas,.later,.species,.can,.tolera
te,.lower,.resource,.levels,.and,.grow,.to,.maturity,.in,.the,.presence,.of,.early,.species,,.event
ually,.out-competing,.them.
climax,.stage,.-,.CORRECT,.ANSWER-
community,.reaches,.a,.point,.when,.the,.most,.efficient,.competitors,.oust,.there,.neighbors.,.
In,.this,.sequence,,.if,.it,.runs,.its,.full,.course,,.then,.number,.of,.species,.first,.increases,.(bec
ause,.of,.colonization),.then,.decreases,.(because,.of,.competition).
primary,.succession,.-,.CORRECT,.ANSWER-sequence,.of,.species,,.where,.an,.opened-
up,.gaps,.has,.not,.previously,.been,.influenced,.by,.a,.community
secondary,.succession,.-,.CORRECT,.ANSWER-
subsequent,.sequence,.of,.species,.where,.the,.species,.of,.an,.area,.has,.been,.partially,.or,.
completely,.removed,.but,.seeds,.and,.spores,.remain.
Chronosequence,.-,.CORRECT,.ANSWER-
a,.sequence,.of,.communities,.that,.exist,.over,.time,.at,.a,.given,.location,.(as,.a,.glacier,.retre
ats,,.the,.first,.stage,.of,.the,.succession,.may,.be,.observed,.just,.beyond,.its,.tip,,.with,.later,.st
ages,.strung,.out,.further,.down,.the,.glacial,.valley,,.this,.series,.of,.communities,.currently,.in,
.existence,.can,.be,.used,.to,.infer,.what,.the,.succession,.must,.have,.been.
food,.web,.-,.CORRECT,.ANSWER-
complex,.web,.of,.interactions,.between,.an,.organism,,.and,.other,.predators,,.parasites,,.fo
od,.sources,,.and,.competitors,.within,.its,.community.
Tropic,.level,.-,.CORRECT,.ANSWER-
each,.of,.several,.hierarchical,.levels,.in,.an,.ecosystem,,.comprising,.organisms,.that,.share,.
the,.same,.function,.in,.the,.food,.chain,.and,.the,.same,.nutritional,.relationship,.to,.the,.prima
ry,.sources,.of,.energy.
direct,.effects,.-,.CORRECT,.ANSWER-
the,.direct,.impact,.of,.one,.individual,.on,.another,.when,.not,.mediated,.or,.transmitted,.throu
gh,.a,.third,.individual,.(cheetah,.captures,.a,.gazelle,.or,.a,.bee,.pollinate,.a,.flower,,.then,.you,
.have,.observed,.a,.direct,.effect,.in,.action).,.Separated,.into,.categories,.such,.as,.predation,
,.competition,,.mutualism,,.etc.
indirect,.effects,.-,.CORRECT,.ANSWER-
the,.impact,.of,.one,.organism,.or,.species,.on,.another,.that,.is,.mediated,.or,.transmitted,.by,.
a,.third.,.In,.other,.words,,.A,.(donor),.has,.an,.effect,.on,.B,.(transmitter),,.which,.then,.affects,.
C,.(recipient).
Correct Answers 2025
metapopulation,.-,.CORRECT,.ANSWER-
a,.population,.consisting,.of,.a,.collection,.of,.subpopulations,,.each,.one,.of,.which,.has,.a,.re
alistic,.chance,.both,.of,.going,.extinct,.and,.of,.appearing,.again,.through,.recolonization.
habitat,.patches,.-,.CORRECT,.ANSWER-
Areas,.of,.suitable,.habitat,.for,.a,.species,.that,.are,.separated,.by,.areas,.of,.unsuitable,.habit
at.
disturbance,.-,.CORRECT,.ANSWER-Event,.that,.opens,.up,.a,.Gap
Gap,.-,.CORRECT,.ANSWER-
patches,.within,.which,.many,.species,.suffer,.local,.extinction,.simultaneously.,.(In,.forests,,.
high,.winds,,.elephants,,.or,.simply,.the,.death,.of,.a,.tree,.through,.old,.age)
founder-controlled,.communities,.-,.CORRECT,.ANSWER-
community,.where,.species,.are,.approximately,.equivalent,.in,.their,.ability,.to,.invade,.gaps,.
and,.can,.hold,.the,.gaps,.against,.all,.comers,.during,.their,.lifetime.,.On,.each,.occasion,.that,
.a,.population,.goes,.locally,.extinct,.a,.gap,.is,.opened,.up,.for,.invasion.
Priority,.Effect,.-,.CORRECT,.ANSWER-
effect,.between,.competing,.species,.in,.which,.the,.species,.that,.arrives,.first,.at,.a,.site,.is,.ab
le,.to,.hold,.it,.against,.competing,.invades,,.whatever,.the,.outcome,.would,.be,.if,.they,.comp
eted,.as,.simultaneously,.arriving,.equals.
dominance-controlled,.communities,.-,.CORRECT,.ANSWER-
communities,.where,.some,.species,.are,.competitively,.superior,.to,.others,.and,.an,.initial,.c
olonizer,.of,.a,.patch,.cannot,.necessarily,.maintain,.its,.presence,.there.
, community,.successions,.-,.CORRECT,.ANSWER-
disturbances,.that,.open,.up,.gaps,.lead,.to,.reasonable,.predictable,.sequences,.of,.species,
,.because,.different,.species,.have,.different,.strategies,.for,.exploiting,.resources,.-
,.early,.species,.are,.good,.colonizers,.and,.fast,.growers,,.whereas,.later,.species,.can,.tolera
te,.lower,.resource,.levels,.and,.grow,.to,.maturity,.in,.the,.presence,.of,.early,.species,,.event
ually,.out-competing,.them.
climax,.stage,.-,.CORRECT,.ANSWER-
community,.reaches,.a,.point,.when,.the,.most,.efficient,.competitors,.oust,.there,.neighbors.,.
In,.this,.sequence,,.if,.it,.runs,.its,.full,.course,,.then,.number,.of,.species,.first,.increases,.(bec
ause,.of,.colonization),.then,.decreases,.(because,.of,.competition).
primary,.succession,.-,.CORRECT,.ANSWER-sequence,.of,.species,,.where,.an,.opened-
up,.gaps,.has,.not,.previously,.been,.influenced,.by,.a,.community
secondary,.succession,.-,.CORRECT,.ANSWER-
subsequent,.sequence,.of,.species,.where,.the,.species,.of,.an,.area,.has,.been,.partially,.or,.
completely,.removed,.but,.seeds,.and,.spores,.remain.
Chronosequence,.-,.CORRECT,.ANSWER-
a,.sequence,.of,.communities,.that,.exist,.over,.time,.at,.a,.given,.location,.(as,.a,.glacier,.retre
ats,,.the,.first,.stage,.of,.the,.succession,.may,.be,.observed,.just,.beyond,.its,.tip,,.with,.later,.st
ages,.strung,.out,.further,.down,.the,.glacial,.valley,,.this,.series,.of,.communities,.currently,.in,
.existence,.can,.be,.used,.to,.infer,.what,.the,.succession,.must,.have,.been.
food,.web,.-,.CORRECT,.ANSWER-
complex,.web,.of,.interactions,.between,.an,.organism,,.and,.other,.predators,,.parasites,,.fo
od,.sources,,.and,.competitors,.within,.its,.community.
Tropic,.level,.-,.CORRECT,.ANSWER-
each,.of,.several,.hierarchical,.levels,.in,.an,.ecosystem,,.comprising,.organisms,.that,.share,.
the,.same,.function,.in,.the,.food,.chain,.and,.the,.same,.nutritional,.relationship,.to,.the,.prima
ry,.sources,.of,.energy.
direct,.effects,.-,.CORRECT,.ANSWER-
the,.direct,.impact,.of,.one,.individual,.on,.another,.when,.not,.mediated,.or,.transmitted,.throu
gh,.a,.third,.individual,.(cheetah,.captures,.a,.gazelle,.or,.a,.bee,.pollinate,.a,.flower,,.then,.you,
.have,.observed,.a,.direct,.effect,.in,.action).,.Separated,.into,.categories,.such,.as,.predation,
,.competition,,.mutualism,,.etc.
indirect,.effects,.-,.CORRECT,.ANSWER-
the,.impact,.of,.one,.organism,.or,.species,.on,.another,.that,.is,.mediated,.or,.transmitted,.by,.
a,.third.,.In,.other,.words,,.A,.(donor),.has,.an,.effect,.on,.B,.(transmitter),,.which,.then,.affects,.
C,.(recipient).
