1
SOLUTION MANUAL
d
American Government: Political
d d
Development and Institutional Change
d d d
12thEditionbyCalJillson,AllChapters1-16
d d d d d d d d d
, 2
TABLE OF CONTENTS
d d
1. Chapter 1 The Origins of American Political Principles
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2. Chapter 2 The Revolution and the Constitution
d d d d d d
3. Chapter 3 Federalism and American Political Development
d d d d d d
4. Chapter 4 Political Socialization and Public Opinion
d d d d d d
5. Chapter 5 The Mass Media and the Political Agenda
d d d d d d d d
6. Chapter 6 Interest Groups: The Politics of Influence
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7. Chapter 7 Political Parties: Winning the Right to Govern
d d d d d d d d
8. Chapter 8 Voting, Campaigns, and Elections
d d d d d
9. Chapter 9 Congress: Partisanship, Polarization, and Gridlock
d d d d d d
10. Chapter 10 The President: Executive Power in a Separation of Powers Regime
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11. Chapter 11 Bureaucracy: Redesigning Government for the Twenty-First Century
d d d d d d d d
12. Chapter 12 The Federal Courts: Activism versus Restraint
d d d d d d d
13. Chapter 13 Civil Liberties: Ordered Liberty in America
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14. Chapter 14 Civil Rights: Where Liberty and Equality Collide
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15. Chapter 15 Government, The Economy, and Domestic Policy
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16. Chapter 16 America’s Global Role in the Twenty-First Century
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, 3
Chapter 1 d
THE ORIGINS OF AMERICAN POLITICALPRINCIPLES
d d d d d
FOCUSQUESTIONS
d
Q1 What are the broad purposes of government?
d d d d d d
A1 The ancients believed the role of government and politics was to foster human
d d d d d d d d d d d d
dexcellence. However, it is imperative to remember that the Greeks and Romans
d d d d d d d d d d d
dbelieved the virtuous should rule according to natural law. Furthermore, valuesof
d d d d d d d d d d
dequality and order would be served through a society based upon the rule oflaw to
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
dprovide for the common good. In the Middle Ages, government was largely used to
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
facilitate religion and maintained the need for the individual to live a proper life in
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
the service of God. The role of government changed in the early sixteenth century
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
by downplaying the role of religion while alternatively promoting the role of
d d d d d d d d d d d d
limited government to protect private property and individual rights.
d d d d d d d d d
Q2 How should government be designed to achieve its purposes?
d d d d d d d d
A2 According to Plato the philosopher-king’s wisdom and intellect would promote order,
d d d d d d d d d d
stability and justice. Yet, Aristotle takes a more realistic view of Athenian society by
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
advocating the best form of government as a polity, which combined oligarchic and
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
democratic elements to produce political stability. The Romans combined
d d d d d d d d d
monarchical, aristocratic, and democratic principles as a mixed government within
d d d d d d d d d d
representative bodies like the Senate and the Assembly in order to champion the
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
causes of both the rich and the poor. Government in theMiddle Ages was determined
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
through divine right, whereby a monarch or Pope was ordained by God to rule.
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
Hence, wisdom and virtue rested within these few individuals who governed to
d d d d d d d d d d d d
promote religious life and protect the religious establishment. The Renaissance,
d d d d d d d d d d
Protestant Reformation, and Enlightenment Periods shifted the role of government
d d d d d d d d d d
from upholding religious doctrine to secular concerns, such as protecting inalienable
d d d d d d d d d d d
rights, including private property, and promoting commerce. In turn, Enlightenment
d d d d d d d d d d
political
d
© 2023 Taylor & Francis
d d d d
, 4
philosophers largely appealed to individualism and not religious hierarchy as ameansd d d d d d d d d d
dto provide order and stability in which individuals could flourish.
d d d d d d d d d
Q3 What lessons about government did colonial Americans draw from the history ofancient
d d d d d d d d d d d
Greece and Rome?
d d d
A3 Plato was suspicious of democracy’s rule of the many because good government
d d d d d d d d d d d
dwould decay into mob rule. Hence, the passions of the masses needed to be quelled
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
dby more aristocratic elements. With this problem in mind, the Framers ofthe U.S.
d d d d d d d d d d d d
dConstitution referenced the institutional design of the Roman republic adhered to the
d d d d d d d d d d d
tradition of mixed government initially expounded by Aristotle and the Romans. This
d d d d d d d d d d d d
was maintained in the indirect selection of both the Senateand the presidency within
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
the Constitution. Aristotle also advocated mixing aristocratic and democratic
d d d d d d d d d
d elements in a governing structure called a polity. In effect, this governmental design
d d d d d d d d d d d d
dallowed the few and the many to participate in the politics providing an orderly
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
dsociety where the poor should be able to select government officials who were held
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
daccountable. This was also made manifest inthe Constitution with its aristocratic-like d d d d d d d d d d
dSenate and the more democratic House of Representatives. Thus the American
d d d d d d d d d d
drepublic’s Constitution established institutional powers to govern according to the
d d d d d d d d d
drule of law. While the Framers rejected the religious hierarchy of the Middle Ages,
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
dthey appealed to inalienable rights endowed upon every individual by God, per the
d d d d d d d d d d d d
dwritings of John Locke, in which a just government and society could not be impeded.
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
Q4 What circumstances led Europeans to leave their homelands to settle in America?
d d d d d d d d d d d
A4 Individuals immigrated to the colonies to escape religious persecution and civil unrest
d d d d d d d d d d d
after the English Civil War and to pursue social and economic opportunities. Colonists
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
enjoyed a vast array of natural resources and a large geographical area where
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
freedom of religion and economic opportunity flourished. Also, their heterogeneous
d d d d d d d d d d
social composition as well as continual promotion of ideals, such as equality and
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
tolerance, tended to promote political freedom at the same time that social
d d d d d d d d d d d d
expansion of the population was occurring.
d d d d d d
Q5 What did democracy mean to our colonial ancestors, and did they approve it?
d d d d d d d d d d d d
A5 The colonists were skeptical of democracy and viewed this type of governing
d d d d d d d d d d d
dauthority as mob rule. Society was largely seen as segmented into those who should
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
drule and those who should not. In fact, the Founders believed that the elite (well-
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
deducated, land owners) should occupy positions of leadership. Thus, an aristocratic
d d d d d d d d d d
delement within government was necessary to protect against thethreat of mob rule
d d d d d d d d d d d
dhistorically associated with democracy. Fundamentally, the idea of republicanism
d d d d d d d d
dwas promoted as an ideal at a higher level than democracy. This was made most
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
dmanifest in the tendency to prefer mixed d d d d d d
© 2023 Taylor & Francis
d d d d
SOLUTION MANUAL
d
American Government: Political
d d
Development and Institutional Change
d d d
12thEditionbyCalJillson,AllChapters1-16
d d d d d d d d d
, 2
TABLE OF CONTENTS
d d
1. Chapter 1 The Origins of American Political Principles
d d d d d d d
2. Chapter 2 The Revolution and the Constitution
d d d d d d
3. Chapter 3 Federalism and American Political Development
d d d d d d
4. Chapter 4 Political Socialization and Public Opinion
d d d d d d
5. Chapter 5 The Mass Media and the Political Agenda
d d d d d d d d
6. Chapter 6 Interest Groups: The Politics of Influence
d d d d d d d
7. Chapter 7 Political Parties: Winning the Right to Govern
d d d d d d d d
8. Chapter 8 Voting, Campaigns, and Elections
d d d d d
9. Chapter 9 Congress: Partisanship, Polarization, and Gridlock
d d d d d d
10. Chapter 10 The President: Executive Power in a Separation of Powers Regime
d d d d d d d d d d d
11. Chapter 11 Bureaucracy: Redesigning Government for the Twenty-First Century
d d d d d d d d
12. Chapter 12 The Federal Courts: Activism versus Restraint
d d d d d d d
13. Chapter 13 Civil Liberties: Ordered Liberty in America
d d d d d d d
14. Chapter 14 Civil Rights: Where Liberty and Equality Collide
d d d d d d d d
15. Chapter 15 Government, The Economy, and Domestic Policy
d d d d d d d
16. Chapter 16 America’s Global Role in the Twenty-First Century
d d d d d d d d
, 3
Chapter 1 d
THE ORIGINS OF AMERICAN POLITICALPRINCIPLES
d d d d d
FOCUSQUESTIONS
d
Q1 What are the broad purposes of government?
d d d d d d
A1 The ancients believed the role of government and politics was to foster human
d d d d d d d d d d d d
dexcellence. However, it is imperative to remember that the Greeks and Romans
d d d d d d d d d d d
dbelieved the virtuous should rule according to natural law. Furthermore, valuesof
d d d d d d d d d d
dequality and order would be served through a society based upon the rule oflaw to
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
dprovide for the common good. In the Middle Ages, government was largely used to
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
facilitate religion and maintained the need for the individual to live a proper life in
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
the service of God. The role of government changed in the early sixteenth century
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
by downplaying the role of religion while alternatively promoting the role of
d d d d d d d d d d d d
limited government to protect private property and individual rights.
d d d d d d d d d
Q2 How should government be designed to achieve its purposes?
d d d d d d d d
A2 According to Plato the philosopher-king’s wisdom and intellect would promote order,
d d d d d d d d d d
stability and justice. Yet, Aristotle takes a more realistic view of Athenian society by
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
advocating the best form of government as a polity, which combined oligarchic and
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
democratic elements to produce political stability. The Romans combined
d d d d d d d d d
monarchical, aristocratic, and democratic principles as a mixed government within
d d d d d d d d d d
representative bodies like the Senate and the Assembly in order to champion the
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
causes of both the rich and the poor. Government in theMiddle Ages was determined
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
through divine right, whereby a monarch or Pope was ordained by God to rule.
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
Hence, wisdom and virtue rested within these few individuals who governed to
d d d d d d d d d d d d
promote religious life and protect the religious establishment. The Renaissance,
d d d d d d d d d d
Protestant Reformation, and Enlightenment Periods shifted the role of government
d d d d d d d d d d
from upholding religious doctrine to secular concerns, such as protecting inalienable
d d d d d d d d d d d
rights, including private property, and promoting commerce. In turn, Enlightenment
d d d d d d d d d d
political
d
© 2023 Taylor & Francis
d d d d
, 4
philosophers largely appealed to individualism and not religious hierarchy as ameansd d d d d d d d d d
dto provide order and stability in which individuals could flourish.
d d d d d d d d d
Q3 What lessons about government did colonial Americans draw from the history ofancient
d d d d d d d d d d d
Greece and Rome?
d d d
A3 Plato was suspicious of democracy’s rule of the many because good government
d d d d d d d d d d d
dwould decay into mob rule. Hence, the passions of the masses needed to be quelled
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
dby more aristocratic elements. With this problem in mind, the Framers ofthe U.S.
d d d d d d d d d d d d
dConstitution referenced the institutional design of the Roman republic adhered to the
d d d d d d d d d d d
tradition of mixed government initially expounded by Aristotle and the Romans. This
d d d d d d d d d d d d
was maintained in the indirect selection of both the Senateand the presidency within
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
the Constitution. Aristotle also advocated mixing aristocratic and democratic
d d d d d d d d d
d elements in a governing structure called a polity. In effect, this governmental design
d d d d d d d d d d d d
dallowed the few and the many to participate in the politics providing an orderly
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
dsociety where the poor should be able to select government officials who were held
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
daccountable. This was also made manifest inthe Constitution with its aristocratic-like d d d d d d d d d d
dSenate and the more democratic House of Representatives. Thus the American
d d d d d d d d d d
drepublic’s Constitution established institutional powers to govern according to the
d d d d d d d d d
drule of law. While the Framers rejected the religious hierarchy of the Middle Ages,
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
dthey appealed to inalienable rights endowed upon every individual by God, per the
d d d d d d d d d d d d
dwritings of John Locke, in which a just government and society could not be impeded.
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
Q4 What circumstances led Europeans to leave their homelands to settle in America?
d d d d d d d d d d d
A4 Individuals immigrated to the colonies to escape religious persecution and civil unrest
d d d d d d d d d d d
after the English Civil War and to pursue social and economic opportunities. Colonists
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
enjoyed a vast array of natural resources and a large geographical area where
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
freedom of religion and economic opportunity flourished. Also, their heterogeneous
d d d d d d d d d d
social composition as well as continual promotion of ideals, such as equality and
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
tolerance, tended to promote political freedom at the same time that social
d d d d d d d d d d d d
expansion of the population was occurring.
d d d d d d
Q5 What did democracy mean to our colonial ancestors, and did they approve it?
d d d d d d d d d d d d
A5 The colonists were skeptical of democracy and viewed this type of governing
d d d d d d d d d d d
dauthority as mob rule. Society was largely seen as segmented into those who should
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
drule and those who should not. In fact, the Founders believed that the elite (well-
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
deducated, land owners) should occupy positions of leadership. Thus, an aristocratic
d d d d d d d d d d
delement within government was necessary to protect against thethreat of mob rule
d d d d d d d d d d d
dhistorically associated with democracy. Fundamentally, the idea of republicanism
d d d d d d d d
dwas promoted as an ideal at a higher level than democracy. This was made most
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
dmanifest in the tendency to prefer mixed d d d d d d
© 2023 Taylor & Francis
d d d d
