• NGN ATI Mental Health 2025 Proctored Exam: Complete 50
Questions with Correct Answers
preload - Answerthe amount of stretch on the ventricular walls at the end of diastole
cardiac output - Answeramount of blood that pumps out of the heart and into the body per minute, end
of ventricular diastole, 4-8 L per min
afterload - Answerthe resistance needed to pump blood through the body
functional dx exams for heart - Answerblood pressure, echocardiogram (TEE), stress test (exercise or
nuclear)
conductive dx exams for heart - Answerelectrocardiogram (ECG or EKG), telemetry
functional disorders of the heart - Answervalvular heart disease and mitral valve prolapse (more
common)
patho of valvular heart disease - Answerabnormal thickening of the valve, in the left side it is mitral
valve prolapse, stenosis, that impairs cardiac stroke volume, and regurgitation that causes incomplete
closure and impairs cardiac output
etiology of valvular heart disease - Answercan be congenital: myxomatous valve disease (2-3% of the
population), or acquired: rheumatic heart disease (cardiac inflammation), endocarditis, clarification
(secondary to aging)
mitral stenosis - Answerleft atrial hypertrophy, afib, pulmonary hypertension, HF
, usually r/t rheumatic fever and pregnancy
symptoms: stroke/TIA, hoarseness, afib
diastolic: preload reduction
mitral regurgitation - Answerleft atrial enlargement and decreased CO, left ventricular hypertrophy and
HF
causes: ischemia, infarcts
distinct hx or sx: previous MI or CAD, LVH and pronounced HF
systolic: afterload reduction
aortic stenosis - Answerlvh, decreased CO and HF
due to normal aging (calcification)
distinct hx or sx: angina, syncope, carotid thrill, CP, paradoxical S2 split
systolic: no effective medical treatment-surgery
aortic regurgitation - Answerlvh, lv dysfunction, decreased CO, HF
caused by HTN or idiopathic
distinct hx or sx: water hammer pulse, wide pulse pressure
diastolic: preload reduction
symptoms of valvular heart disease - Answerclassic triad: chest pain, syncope, HF
diastolic murmur is during S2
palpitations, SOB, crackles (LHF)
medical dx of valvular heart disease - Answerscreening: medical hx-childhood diseases, recent dental
work
ROS-cadiac, resp, vascular
DX: echocardiogram TTE, TEE
cardiac monitor-EKG (12 lead), tele (5 lead), holter (3 lead)
Questions with Correct Answers
preload - Answerthe amount of stretch on the ventricular walls at the end of diastole
cardiac output - Answeramount of blood that pumps out of the heart and into the body per minute, end
of ventricular diastole, 4-8 L per min
afterload - Answerthe resistance needed to pump blood through the body
functional dx exams for heart - Answerblood pressure, echocardiogram (TEE), stress test (exercise or
nuclear)
conductive dx exams for heart - Answerelectrocardiogram (ECG or EKG), telemetry
functional disorders of the heart - Answervalvular heart disease and mitral valve prolapse (more
common)
patho of valvular heart disease - Answerabnormal thickening of the valve, in the left side it is mitral
valve prolapse, stenosis, that impairs cardiac stroke volume, and regurgitation that causes incomplete
closure and impairs cardiac output
etiology of valvular heart disease - Answercan be congenital: myxomatous valve disease (2-3% of the
population), or acquired: rheumatic heart disease (cardiac inflammation), endocarditis, clarification
(secondary to aging)
mitral stenosis - Answerleft atrial hypertrophy, afib, pulmonary hypertension, HF
, usually r/t rheumatic fever and pregnancy
symptoms: stroke/TIA, hoarseness, afib
diastolic: preload reduction
mitral regurgitation - Answerleft atrial enlargement and decreased CO, left ventricular hypertrophy and
HF
causes: ischemia, infarcts
distinct hx or sx: previous MI or CAD, LVH and pronounced HF
systolic: afterload reduction
aortic stenosis - Answerlvh, decreased CO and HF
due to normal aging (calcification)
distinct hx or sx: angina, syncope, carotid thrill, CP, paradoxical S2 split
systolic: no effective medical treatment-surgery
aortic regurgitation - Answerlvh, lv dysfunction, decreased CO, HF
caused by HTN or idiopathic
distinct hx or sx: water hammer pulse, wide pulse pressure
diastolic: preload reduction
symptoms of valvular heart disease - Answerclassic triad: chest pain, syncope, HF
diastolic murmur is during S2
palpitations, SOB, crackles (LHF)
medical dx of valvular heart disease - Answerscreening: medical hx-childhood diseases, recent dental
work
ROS-cadiac, resp, vascular
DX: echocardiogram TTE, TEE
cardiac monitor-EKG (12 lead), tele (5 lead), holter (3 lead)
