TEST BANK
,Table of Contents
PART I. Radiation Basics
1. Radiation History
2. Radiation Physics
3. Radiation Characteristics
4. Radiation Biology
5. Radiation Protection
PART II. Equipment, Film, and Processing Basics
6. Dental X-Ray Equipment
7. Dental X-Ray Film
8. Dental X-Ray Image Characteristics
9. Dental X-Ray Film Processing
10. Quality Assurance in the Dental Office
PART III. Dental Radiographer Basics
11. Dental Radiographs and the Dental Radiographer
12. Patient Relations and the Dental Radiographer
13. Patient Education and the Dental Radiographer
14. Legal Issues and the Dental Radiographer
15. Infection Control and the Dental Radiographer
PART IV. Technique Basics
16. Introduction to Radiographic Examinations
,17. Paralleling Technique
18. Bisecting Technique
19. Bite-Wing Technique
20. Exposure and Technique Errors
21. Occlusal and Localization Techniques
22. Panoramic Imaging
23. Extraoral Imaging
24. Imaging of Patients with Special Needs
PART V. Digital Imaging Basics
25. Digital Imaging
26. Three-Dimensional Digital Imaging
PART VI. Normal Anatomy and Film Mounting Basics
27. Normal Anatomy: Intraoral Images
28. Film Mounting and Viewing
29. Normal Anatomy: Panoramic Images
PART VII. Image Interpretation Basics
30. Introduction to Image Interpretation
31. Descriptive Terminology
32. Identification of Restorations, Dental Materials, and Foreign Objects
33. Interpretation of Dental Caries
34. Interpretation of Periodontal Disease
35. Interpretation of Trauma and Pulpal and Periapical Lesions
,Chapter 01: Radiation History
Iannucci: Dental Radiography, 5th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Radiation is defined as
a. a form of energy carried by waves or
streams of particles.
b. a beam of energy that has the power to
penetrate substances and record image
shadows on a receptor.
c. a high-energy radiation produced by the
collision of a beam of electrons with a
metal target in an x-ray tube.
d. a branch of medicine that deals with the
use of x-rays.
ANS: A
Radiation is a form of energy carried by waves or streams of particles. An x-ray is a beam
of energy that has the power to penetrate substances and record image shadows on a
receptor. X-radiation is a high-energy radiation produced by the collision of a beam of
electrons with a metal target in an x-ray tube. Radiology is a branch of medicine that
deals with the use of x-rays.
DIF: Recall REF: Page 2 OBJ: 1
TOP: CDA, RHS, III.B.2. Describe the characteristics of x-radiation
MSC: NBDHE, 2.0 Obtaining and Interpreting Radiographs | NBDHE, 2.1 Principles of
radiophysics and radiobiology
2. A radiograph is defined as
a. a beam of energy that has the power to
penetrate substances and record image
shadows on a receptor.
b. a picture on film produced by the passage
of x-rays through an object or body.
c. the art and science of making radiographs
by the exposure of an image receptor to x-
rays.
d. a form of energy carried by waves or a
stream of particles.
ANS: B
An x-ray is a beam of energy that has the power to penetrate substances and record image
shadows on a receptor. A radiograph is a picture on film produced by the passage of x-
rays through an object or body. Radiography is the art and science of making dental
images by the exposure of a receptor to x-rays. Radiation is a form of energy carried by
waves or streams of particles.
,DIF: Comprehension REF: p Page p2 OBJ:
p1 pTOP: pCDA, pRHS, pIII.B.2. pDescribe pthe pcharacteristics pof px-
radiation
MSC: pNBDHE, p2.0 pObtaining pand pInterpreting pRadiographs p| pNBDHE, p2.1 pPrinciples pof
pradiophysics pand pradiobiology
3. Your ppatient pasked pyou pwhy pdental pimages pare pimportant. pWhich
pof pthe pfollowing pis pthe pcorrect presponse?
a. An poral pexamination pwith pdental
pimages plimits pthe ppractitioner pto pwhat
pis pseen pclinically.
b. All pdental pdiseases pand pconditions
pproduce pclinical psigns pand psymptoms.
c. Dental pimages pare pnot pa pnecessary
pcomponent pof pcomprehensive ppatient
pcare.
d. Many pdental pdiseases pare ptypically
pdiscovered ponly pthrough pthe puse pof
pdental pimages.
ANS: p D
An poral pexamination pwithout pdental pimages plimits pthe ppractitioner pto pwhat pis pseen
pclinically. pMany pdental pdiseases pand pconditions pproduce pno pclinical psigns pand
psymptoms. pDental pimages pare pa pnecessary pcomponent pof pcomprehensive ppatient
pcare. pMany pdental pdiseases pare ptypically pdiscovered ponly pthrough pthe puse pof
pdental pimages.
DIF: Application REF: p p Page p2 OBJ: p 2
TOP: pCDA, pRHS, pIII.B.2. pDescribe pthe pcharacteristics pof px-radiation
MSC: pNBDHE, p2.0 pObtaining pand pInterpreting pRadiographs p| pNBDHE, p2.5 pGeneral
4. The p x-ray pwas p discovered pby
a. Heinrich pGeissler
b. Wilhelm pRoentgen
c. Johann pHittorf
d. William pCrookes
ANS: p B
Heinrich pGeissler pbuilt pthe pfirst pvacuum ptube pin p1838. pWilhelm pRoentgen
pdiscovered pthe px-ray pon pNovember p8, p1895. pJohann pHittorf pobserved pin p1870
pthat pdischarges pemitted pfrom pthe pnegative pelectrode pof pa pvacuum ptube ptraveled
pin pstraight plines, pproduced pheat,
and presulted pin pa pgreenish pfluorescence. pWilliam pCrookes pdiscovered pin pthe plate
p1870s pthat pcathode prays pwere pstreams pof pcharged pparticles.
DIF: Recall REF: p p Page p2 OBJ: p 4
TOP: pCDA, pRHS, pIII.B.2. pDescribe pthe pcharacteristics pof px-radiation
MSC: pNBDHE, p2.0 pObtaining pand pInterpreting pRadiographs p| pNBDHE, p2.5 pGeneral
, 5. Who pexposed pthe pfirst pdental pradiograph pin pthe pUnited pStates pusing pa plive pperson?
a. Otto pWalkoff
b. Wilhelm pRoentgen
c. Edmund pKells
d. Weston pPrice
ANS: p C
Otto pWalkoff pwas pa pGerman pdentist pwho pmade pthe pfirst pdental pradiograph.
pWilhelm pRoentgen pwas pa pBavarian pphysicist pwho pdiscovered pthe px-ray. pEdmund
pKells pexposed pthe pfirst pdental pradiograph pin pthe pUnited pStates pusing pa plive
pperson. pPrice pintroduced pthe pbisecting ptechnique pin p1904.
DIF: Recall REF: p p Page p4 OBJ: p 5
TOP: pCDA, pRHS, pIII.B.2. pDescribe pthe pcharacteristics pof px-radiation
MSC: pNBDHE, p2.0 pObtaining pand pInterpreting pRadiographs p| pNBDHE, p2.5 pGeneral
6. Current pfast pradiographic pfilm prequires % pless pexposure ptime pthan
pthe pinitial pexposure ptimes pused pin p1920.
a. 33
b. 98
c. 73
d. 2
ANS: p D
Current pfast pradiographic pfilm prequires p98% pless pexposure ptime pthan pthe pinitial
pexposure ptimes pused pin p1920.
DIF: Comprehension REF: p Page p5 OBJ:
p6 pTOP: pCDA, pRHS, pIII.B.2. pDescribe pthe pcharacteristics pof px-
radiation
MSC: pNBDHE, p2.0 pObtaining pand pInterpreting pRadiographs p| pNBDHE, p2.5 pGeneral
7. Who pmodified pthe pparalleling ptechnique pwith pthe pintroduction pof pthe
plong- pcone ptechnique?
a. C. pEdmund pKells
b. Franklin pW. pMcCormack
c. F. pGordon pFitzgerald
d. Howard pRiley pRaper
ANS: p C
C. pEdmund pKells pintroduced pthe pparalleling ptechnique pin p1896. pFranklin pW.
pMcCormack preintroduced pthe pparalleling ptechnique pin p1920. pF. pGordon pFitzgerald
pmodified pthe pparalleling ptechnique pwith pthe pintroduction pof pthe plong-cone
ptechnique. pThis pis pthe ptechnique pcurrently pused. pHoward pRiley pRaper pmodified
pthe pbisecting ptechnique pand pintroduced pthe pbite-wing ptechnique pin p1925.
DIF: Recall REF: p p Page p4 OBJ: p 7
TOP: pCDA, pRHS, pIII.B.2. pDescribe pthe pcharacteristics pof px-radiation
MSC: pNBDHE, p2.0 pObtaining pand pInterpreting pRadiographs p| pNBDHE, p2.5 pGeneral
,Table of Contents
PART I. Radiation Basics
1. Radiation History
2. Radiation Physics
3. Radiation Characteristics
4. Radiation Biology
5. Radiation Protection
PART II. Equipment, Film, and Processing Basics
6. Dental X-Ray Equipment
7. Dental X-Ray Film
8. Dental X-Ray Image Characteristics
9. Dental X-Ray Film Processing
10. Quality Assurance in the Dental Office
PART III. Dental Radiographer Basics
11. Dental Radiographs and the Dental Radiographer
12. Patient Relations and the Dental Radiographer
13. Patient Education and the Dental Radiographer
14. Legal Issues and the Dental Radiographer
15. Infection Control and the Dental Radiographer
PART IV. Technique Basics
16. Introduction to Radiographic Examinations
,17. Paralleling Technique
18. Bisecting Technique
19. Bite-Wing Technique
20. Exposure and Technique Errors
21. Occlusal and Localization Techniques
22. Panoramic Imaging
23. Extraoral Imaging
24. Imaging of Patients with Special Needs
PART V. Digital Imaging Basics
25. Digital Imaging
26. Three-Dimensional Digital Imaging
PART VI. Normal Anatomy and Film Mounting Basics
27. Normal Anatomy: Intraoral Images
28. Film Mounting and Viewing
29. Normal Anatomy: Panoramic Images
PART VII. Image Interpretation Basics
30. Introduction to Image Interpretation
31. Descriptive Terminology
32. Identification of Restorations, Dental Materials, and Foreign Objects
33. Interpretation of Dental Caries
34. Interpretation of Periodontal Disease
35. Interpretation of Trauma and Pulpal and Periapical Lesions
,Chapter 01: Radiation History
Iannucci: Dental Radiography, 5th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Radiation is defined as
a. a form of energy carried by waves or
streams of particles.
b. a beam of energy that has the power to
penetrate substances and record image
shadows on a receptor.
c. a high-energy radiation produced by the
collision of a beam of electrons with a
metal target in an x-ray tube.
d. a branch of medicine that deals with the
use of x-rays.
ANS: A
Radiation is a form of energy carried by waves or streams of particles. An x-ray is a beam
of energy that has the power to penetrate substances and record image shadows on a
receptor. X-radiation is a high-energy radiation produced by the collision of a beam of
electrons with a metal target in an x-ray tube. Radiology is a branch of medicine that
deals with the use of x-rays.
DIF: Recall REF: Page 2 OBJ: 1
TOP: CDA, RHS, III.B.2. Describe the characteristics of x-radiation
MSC: NBDHE, 2.0 Obtaining and Interpreting Radiographs | NBDHE, 2.1 Principles of
radiophysics and radiobiology
2. A radiograph is defined as
a. a beam of energy that has the power to
penetrate substances and record image
shadows on a receptor.
b. a picture on film produced by the passage
of x-rays through an object or body.
c. the art and science of making radiographs
by the exposure of an image receptor to x-
rays.
d. a form of energy carried by waves or a
stream of particles.
ANS: B
An x-ray is a beam of energy that has the power to penetrate substances and record image
shadows on a receptor. A radiograph is a picture on film produced by the passage of x-
rays through an object or body. Radiography is the art and science of making dental
images by the exposure of a receptor to x-rays. Radiation is a form of energy carried by
waves or streams of particles.
,DIF: Comprehension REF: p Page p2 OBJ:
p1 pTOP: pCDA, pRHS, pIII.B.2. pDescribe pthe pcharacteristics pof px-
radiation
MSC: pNBDHE, p2.0 pObtaining pand pInterpreting pRadiographs p| pNBDHE, p2.1 pPrinciples pof
pradiophysics pand pradiobiology
3. Your ppatient pasked pyou pwhy pdental pimages pare pimportant. pWhich
pof pthe pfollowing pis pthe pcorrect presponse?
a. An poral pexamination pwith pdental
pimages plimits pthe ppractitioner pto pwhat
pis pseen pclinically.
b. All pdental pdiseases pand pconditions
pproduce pclinical psigns pand psymptoms.
c. Dental pimages pare pnot pa pnecessary
pcomponent pof pcomprehensive ppatient
pcare.
d. Many pdental pdiseases pare ptypically
pdiscovered ponly pthrough pthe puse pof
pdental pimages.
ANS: p D
An poral pexamination pwithout pdental pimages plimits pthe ppractitioner pto pwhat pis pseen
pclinically. pMany pdental pdiseases pand pconditions pproduce pno pclinical psigns pand
psymptoms. pDental pimages pare pa pnecessary pcomponent pof pcomprehensive ppatient
pcare. pMany pdental pdiseases pare ptypically pdiscovered ponly pthrough pthe puse pof
pdental pimages.
DIF: Application REF: p p Page p2 OBJ: p 2
TOP: pCDA, pRHS, pIII.B.2. pDescribe pthe pcharacteristics pof px-radiation
MSC: pNBDHE, p2.0 pObtaining pand pInterpreting pRadiographs p| pNBDHE, p2.5 pGeneral
4. The p x-ray pwas p discovered pby
a. Heinrich pGeissler
b. Wilhelm pRoentgen
c. Johann pHittorf
d. William pCrookes
ANS: p B
Heinrich pGeissler pbuilt pthe pfirst pvacuum ptube pin p1838. pWilhelm pRoentgen
pdiscovered pthe px-ray pon pNovember p8, p1895. pJohann pHittorf pobserved pin p1870
pthat pdischarges pemitted pfrom pthe pnegative pelectrode pof pa pvacuum ptube ptraveled
pin pstraight plines, pproduced pheat,
and presulted pin pa pgreenish pfluorescence. pWilliam pCrookes pdiscovered pin pthe plate
p1870s pthat pcathode prays pwere pstreams pof pcharged pparticles.
DIF: Recall REF: p p Page p2 OBJ: p 4
TOP: pCDA, pRHS, pIII.B.2. pDescribe pthe pcharacteristics pof px-radiation
MSC: pNBDHE, p2.0 pObtaining pand pInterpreting pRadiographs p| pNBDHE, p2.5 pGeneral
, 5. Who pexposed pthe pfirst pdental pradiograph pin pthe pUnited pStates pusing pa plive pperson?
a. Otto pWalkoff
b. Wilhelm pRoentgen
c. Edmund pKells
d. Weston pPrice
ANS: p C
Otto pWalkoff pwas pa pGerman pdentist pwho pmade pthe pfirst pdental pradiograph.
pWilhelm pRoentgen pwas pa pBavarian pphysicist pwho pdiscovered pthe px-ray. pEdmund
pKells pexposed pthe pfirst pdental pradiograph pin pthe pUnited pStates pusing pa plive
pperson. pPrice pintroduced pthe pbisecting ptechnique pin p1904.
DIF: Recall REF: p p Page p4 OBJ: p 5
TOP: pCDA, pRHS, pIII.B.2. pDescribe pthe pcharacteristics pof px-radiation
MSC: pNBDHE, p2.0 pObtaining pand pInterpreting pRadiographs p| pNBDHE, p2.5 pGeneral
6. Current pfast pradiographic pfilm prequires % pless pexposure ptime pthan
pthe pinitial pexposure ptimes pused pin p1920.
a. 33
b. 98
c. 73
d. 2
ANS: p D
Current pfast pradiographic pfilm prequires p98% pless pexposure ptime pthan pthe pinitial
pexposure ptimes pused pin p1920.
DIF: Comprehension REF: p Page p5 OBJ:
p6 pTOP: pCDA, pRHS, pIII.B.2. pDescribe pthe pcharacteristics pof px-
radiation
MSC: pNBDHE, p2.0 pObtaining pand pInterpreting pRadiographs p| pNBDHE, p2.5 pGeneral
7. Who pmodified pthe pparalleling ptechnique pwith pthe pintroduction pof pthe
plong- pcone ptechnique?
a. C. pEdmund pKells
b. Franklin pW. pMcCormack
c. F. pGordon pFitzgerald
d. Howard pRiley pRaper
ANS: p C
C. pEdmund pKells pintroduced pthe pparalleling ptechnique pin p1896. pFranklin pW.
pMcCormack preintroduced pthe pparalleling ptechnique pin p1920. pF. pGordon pFitzgerald
pmodified pthe pparalleling ptechnique pwith pthe pintroduction pof pthe plong-cone
ptechnique. pThis pis pthe ptechnique pcurrently pused. pHoward pRiley pRaper pmodified
pthe pbisecting ptechnique pand pintroduced pthe pbite-wing ptechnique pin p1925.
DIF: Recall REF: p p Page p4 OBJ: p 7
TOP: pCDA, pRHS, pIII.B.2. pDescribe pthe pcharacteristics pof px-radiation
MSC: pNBDHE, p2.0 pObtaining pand pInterpreting pRadiographs p| pNBDHE, p2.5 pGeneral
