PS 360
Psychopathology
3.0 Credits
Midterm Exam Review (Qns & Ans)
2025
©2025
, Multiple Choice Questions (10 Questions)
1. Question:
Dual-process theories in cognitive psychology distinguish
between two systems of processing. System 1 is characterized as
fast and automatic, while System 2 is:
- a. Slower and effortful, requiring conscious deliberation
- b. Equally fast but more accurate
- c. Unaffected by cognitive load
- d. Responsible for all emotional responses
ANS: a. Slower and effortful, requiring conscious deliberation
Rationale:
System 2 processing involves slow, deliberate, and effortful
reasoning, which contrasts with the intuitive and automatic
responses of System 1.
2. Question:
Baddeley’s model of working memory includes all of the following
components EXCEPT:
- a. Central Executive
- b. Phonological Loop
- c. Visuospatial Sketchpad
- d. Long-term storage
ANS: d. Long-term storage
Rationale:
Baddeley’s model comprises the Central Executive, Phonological
Loop, Visuospatial Sketchpad, and the Episodic Buffer, but does
not include long-term storage, which is considered separate from
working memory.
3. Question:
Which cognitive bias involves estimating the likelihood of an
event based on how easily examples come to mind?
- a. Anchoring bias
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, - b. Availability heuristic
- c. Representativeness heuristic
- d. Confirmation bias
ANS: b. Availability heuristic
Rationale:
The availability heuristic occurs when individuals judge the
probability of events by how quickly examples can be recalled,
often leading to bias if memorable events are overrepresented.
4. Question:
Cognitive load theory differentiates between intrinsic, extraneous,
and germane load. Which type of load is directly related to the
inherent complexity of the material being learned?
- a. Intrinsic load
- b. Extraneous load
- c. Germane load
- d. Total load
ANS: a. Intrinsic load
Rationale:
Intrinsic load refers to the complexity inherent in the material
itself, independent of the presentation method, whereas extraneous
load stems from how the material is delivered and germane load
reflects the cognitive resources devoted to processing and schema
construction.
5. Question:
In cognitive psychology, the process by which newly acquired
information is stabilized into long-term memory is known as:
- a. Encoding
- b. Consolidation
- c. Retrieval
- d. Rehearsal
ANS: b. Consolidation
Rationale:
Consolidation is the process where memories become stable in
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, long-term storage after initial encoding. It is essential for the
transformation from a labile state to a durable one.
6. Question:
Which term describes the mental frameworks that help individuals
organize and interpret information?
- a. Schemas
- b. Heuristics
- c. Scripts
- d. Prototypes
ANS: a. Schemas
Rationale:
Schemas are cognitive structures that help individuals
understand and predict the world by organizing knowledge and
guiding information processing.
7. Question:
Insight in problem solving is characterized by:
- a. Gradual analysis followed by a step-by-step solution
- b. Sudden realization of a solution without apparent reasoning
- c. Methodical trial and error
- d. Reliance on external aids to reach a solution
ANS: b. Sudden realization of a solution without apparent
reasoning
Rationale:
Insight problem solving involves an abrupt "aha" moment where
the solution becomes evident, often after a period of incubation.
8. Question:
The central executive in Baddeley’s model is primarily
responsible for:
- a. Storing information verbatim
- b. Coordinating attention and control processes
- c. Visual processing of spatial information
- d. Automatic recall of learned material
©2025
Psychopathology
3.0 Credits
Midterm Exam Review (Qns & Ans)
2025
©2025
, Multiple Choice Questions (10 Questions)
1. Question:
Dual-process theories in cognitive psychology distinguish
between two systems of processing. System 1 is characterized as
fast and automatic, while System 2 is:
- a. Slower and effortful, requiring conscious deliberation
- b. Equally fast but more accurate
- c. Unaffected by cognitive load
- d. Responsible for all emotional responses
ANS: a. Slower and effortful, requiring conscious deliberation
Rationale:
System 2 processing involves slow, deliberate, and effortful
reasoning, which contrasts with the intuitive and automatic
responses of System 1.
2. Question:
Baddeley’s model of working memory includes all of the following
components EXCEPT:
- a. Central Executive
- b. Phonological Loop
- c. Visuospatial Sketchpad
- d. Long-term storage
ANS: d. Long-term storage
Rationale:
Baddeley’s model comprises the Central Executive, Phonological
Loop, Visuospatial Sketchpad, and the Episodic Buffer, but does
not include long-term storage, which is considered separate from
working memory.
3. Question:
Which cognitive bias involves estimating the likelihood of an
event based on how easily examples come to mind?
- a. Anchoring bias
©2025
, - b. Availability heuristic
- c. Representativeness heuristic
- d. Confirmation bias
ANS: b. Availability heuristic
Rationale:
The availability heuristic occurs when individuals judge the
probability of events by how quickly examples can be recalled,
often leading to bias if memorable events are overrepresented.
4. Question:
Cognitive load theory differentiates between intrinsic, extraneous,
and germane load. Which type of load is directly related to the
inherent complexity of the material being learned?
- a. Intrinsic load
- b. Extraneous load
- c. Germane load
- d. Total load
ANS: a. Intrinsic load
Rationale:
Intrinsic load refers to the complexity inherent in the material
itself, independent of the presentation method, whereas extraneous
load stems from how the material is delivered and germane load
reflects the cognitive resources devoted to processing and schema
construction.
5. Question:
In cognitive psychology, the process by which newly acquired
information is stabilized into long-term memory is known as:
- a. Encoding
- b. Consolidation
- c. Retrieval
- d. Rehearsal
ANS: b. Consolidation
Rationale:
Consolidation is the process where memories become stable in
©2025
, long-term storage after initial encoding. It is essential for the
transformation from a labile state to a durable one.
6. Question:
Which term describes the mental frameworks that help individuals
organize and interpret information?
- a. Schemas
- b. Heuristics
- c. Scripts
- d. Prototypes
ANS: a. Schemas
Rationale:
Schemas are cognitive structures that help individuals
understand and predict the world by organizing knowledge and
guiding information processing.
7. Question:
Insight in problem solving is characterized by:
- a. Gradual analysis followed by a step-by-step solution
- b. Sudden realization of a solution without apparent reasoning
- c. Methodical trial and error
- d. Reliance on external aids to reach a solution
ANS: b. Sudden realization of a solution without apparent
reasoning
Rationale:
Insight problem solving involves an abrupt "aha" moment where
the solution becomes evident, often after a period of incubation.
8. Question:
The central executive in Baddeley’s model is primarily
responsible for:
- a. Storing information verbatim
- b. Coordinating attention and control processes
- c. Visual processing of spatial information
- d. Automatic recall of learned material
©2025
