NUR 1141 - COMPREHENSIVE FINAL EXAM REVIEW
NUR 1141 - Comprehensive Final Exam Review Nursing Math
& Pharmacology (Miami Dade College)
Cephalosporins:
- Cephalexin (Keflex) and Ceftriaxone (Rocephin) o Beta-lactam structure
Action:
• Inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis.
• Bactericidal
Treat:
• Pharyngitis, tonsillitis, otitis media
• Respiratory, skin, intraabdominal, bone and joint, urinary,
and gynecologic infections STIs, bacteremia, sepsis
Groups:
First, second, third, fourth, and fifth penicillin’s
Side Effects:
• Side effects/adverse reactions
• Anaphylaxis, superinfection
• Headache, dizziness
• GI distress
• Increased bleeding
• Elevated hepatic enzymes
• Nephrotoxicity
• Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea
Drug Interactions:
• Alcohol – may cause mild reaction like facial flushing, nausea or
vomiting, to severe reaction including angioedema, hypotension,
shock, or death.
• Flushing, dizziness, headache, nausea, vomiting, and muscular
cramps
• Anticoagulants – may increase bleeding.
• Cefotan – May increase effects of aspirin, and warfarin.
pg. 1
, NUR 1141 - COMPREHENSIVE FINAL EXAM REVIEW
• Loop diuretics, aminoglycosides, and vancomycin – may increase
nephrotoxicity.
Penicillin:
- Types:
o Basic penicillin o Broad-spectrum penicillin o Penicillinase-resistant
penicillin o Extended-spectrum penicillin
- Beta-lactam ring structure
Action:
• Inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis.
• Bacteriostatic and bactericidal o Depending upon
drug and dosage
Basic Penicillin – Narrow spectrum
- Use:
o Effective against gram-positive and a few gram-negative bacteria o
Treats anthrax, diphtheria o Treats endocarditis, pericarditis o Treats
skin and respiratory infections, STIs o Treats scarlet fever, meningitis o
Treats gingivitis, otitis media
Broad-Spectrum Penicillin
- Use:
o Effective against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria o Effective
against Escherichia coli, Haemophiles influenzae, Shigella dysenteriae,
Proteus mirabilis and Salmonella species o Treats respiratory, skin,
intraabdominal, urinary tract, and gynecologic infections o Treats otitis
media, sinusitis
Penicillinase-Resistant Penicillin - Dicloxacillin, Oxacillin and Nafcillin
Narrow Spectrum - Use:
o Effective against gram-positive bacteria o Penicillinase-producing
Staphylococcus aureus o Treats endocarditis, meningitis, bacteremia o
Treats skin and respiratory infections
Extended-Spectrum Penicillin – Piperacillin- Zosyn
PG. 2
NUR 1141 - Comprehensive Final Exam Review Nursing Math
& Pharmacology (Miami Dade College)
Cephalosporins:
- Cephalexin (Keflex) and Ceftriaxone (Rocephin) o Beta-lactam structure
Action:
• Inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis.
• Bactericidal
Treat:
• Pharyngitis, tonsillitis, otitis media
• Respiratory, skin, intraabdominal, bone and joint, urinary,
and gynecologic infections STIs, bacteremia, sepsis
Groups:
First, second, third, fourth, and fifth penicillin’s
Side Effects:
• Side effects/adverse reactions
• Anaphylaxis, superinfection
• Headache, dizziness
• GI distress
• Increased bleeding
• Elevated hepatic enzymes
• Nephrotoxicity
• Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea
Drug Interactions:
• Alcohol – may cause mild reaction like facial flushing, nausea or
vomiting, to severe reaction including angioedema, hypotension,
shock, or death.
• Flushing, dizziness, headache, nausea, vomiting, and muscular
cramps
• Anticoagulants – may increase bleeding.
• Cefotan – May increase effects of aspirin, and warfarin.
pg. 1
, NUR 1141 - COMPREHENSIVE FINAL EXAM REVIEW
• Loop diuretics, aminoglycosides, and vancomycin – may increase
nephrotoxicity.
Penicillin:
- Types:
o Basic penicillin o Broad-spectrum penicillin o Penicillinase-resistant
penicillin o Extended-spectrum penicillin
- Beta-lactam ring structure
Action:
• Inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis.
• Bacteriostatic and bactericidal o Depending upon
drug and dosage
Basic Penicillin – Narrow spectrum
- Use:
o Effective against gram-positive and a few gram-negative bacteria o
Treats anthrax, diphtheria o Treats endocarditis, pericarditis o Treats
skin and respiratory infections, STIs o Treats scarlet fever, meningitis o
Treats gingivitis, otitis media
Broad-Spectrum Penicillin
- Use:
o Effective against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria o Effective
against Escherichia coli, Haemophiles influenzae, Shigella dysenteriae,
Proteus mirabilis and Salmonella species o Treats respiratory, skin,
intraabdominal, urinary tract, and gynecologic infections o Treats otitis
media, sinusitis
Penicillinase-Resistant Penicillin - Dicloxacillin, Oxacillin and Nafcillin
Narrow Spectrum - Use:
o Effective against gram-positive bacteria o Penicillinase-producing
Staphylococcus aureus o Treats endocarditis, meningitis, bacteremia o
Treats skin and respiratory infections
Extended-Spectrum Penicillin – Piperacillin- Zosyn
PG. 2
