, Test Bank, Chapter 1 #t #t #t
1. Which of the following is NOT an example of evolution?
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(a) Beak size in a population of birds becomes larger from one generation to
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the next because larger beaked birds had higher reproductive success a
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nd passed the trait to their offspring
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(b) Over long periods of time whales gradually lost their hindlimbs
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(c) When traveling to high altitude, human physiology changes to
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accommodate lower oxygen levels
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(d) All of the above are examples of evolution
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2. The fluke of a whale and the fluke of a shark:
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(a) are homologous traits
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(b) arose through convergent evolution
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(c) are the result of natural selection
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(d) b and c are correct
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(e) all are correct
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3. Mammary glands in whales and humans:
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(a) are a synapomorphy for these species and other mammals
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(b) are homologous traits
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(c) were likely present in the most recent common ancestor of humans and
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whales
(d) all are correct
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(e) none are correct #t #t
4. Based on current fossil evidence:
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(a) whales were likely fully aquatic before they evolved peg-
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like teeth or baleen
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(b) evolution of baleen forced whales to become fully aquatic
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(c) the teeth of extinct whales such as Dorudon were similar to those of
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extinct land mammals #t #t
(d) a and c are correct
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(e) b and c are correct
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5. One important feature that links extinct organisms such as Pakicetus and
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Indohyus to cetaceans is:
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(a) the shape of a bone in the middle ear
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(b) the presence of forelimb flippers
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(c) the lack of hindlegs
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(d) peg-like teeth #t
,6. The placement of whales within the artiodactyls is supported by:
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(a) morphology of limb bones (e.g. the astragalus) in extinct whales #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t
(b) DNA evidence #t
(c) the fact that some artiodactyls (e.g. hippos) spend a significant amount of
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time in the water #t #t #t
(d) a and b are correct
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(e) all of the above #t #t #t
7. From examining the fossil record, scientists have postulated that long-
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term historic changes in cetacean diversity depended on:
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(a) changes in the abundance of diatoms, one of their main food sources
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(b) changes in the abundance of diatoms, which serve as food for#t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #
animals that were preyed upon by cetaceans
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(c) changes in sea temperature #t #t #t
(d) rising pollution levels in the ocean
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(e) changes in the abundance of organisms that prey on cetaceans
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8. Which of the following would explain why viruses such as influenza evolve so
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rapidly:
(a) they have a high mutation rate
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(b) they have a high replication rate
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(c) they can undergo viral reassortment
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(d) none of the above #t #t #t
(e) all of the above #t #t #t
9. Which of the following statements is accurate regarding the evolution of drug
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resistance in a virus: #t #t #t
(a) the drug causes mutations in the virus that make it resistant
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(b) even before the drug is administered, some virions might be
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resistant
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(c) an individual virion that is exposed to the drug will adapt by becoming
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resistant; future applications of the drug will be ineffective against this
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virion
(d) all of the above #t #t #t
10. The molecular clock used to date the emergence of the 2009 H1N1 strain
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would be inaccurate if:
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(a) mutations arose at different rates in different lineages #t #t #t #t #t #t #t
(b) the most recent common ancestor of the viral strains existed long ago
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(c) the most recent common ancestor of the viral strains existed recently
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(d) none of the above #t #t #t
, 11. New mutations: #t
(a) are random with respect to their effects on fitness
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(b) are necessary for natural selection to cause evolutionary change
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(c) are rare in a population #t #t #t #t
(d) a and b are correct
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(e) all are correct #t #t
12. Evolution occurs when: #t #t
(a) individuals in a population change in response to the environment #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t
(b) the average value of trait in a population changes from one
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generation to the next
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(c) a and b are both correct
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(d) Neither a or b is correct #t #t #t #t #t
Short answer/essay.
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1. Please describe evidence three pieces of evidence found in extant cetaceans
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that supports the idea that their ancestors had hindlimbs.
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1. During embryonic development hindlimb buds form, but are then
#t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #
stop growing.
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2. Some extant whales have a vestigial pelvis, which only makes sense
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if their ancestors had hindlimbs.
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3. DNA evidence shows that cetaceans are nested within the artiodac
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tyls. The common ancestor of artiodactyls would have had hindlim
# t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t
bs.
2. Describe how scientists used carbon isotopes to determine whether extinct
#t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t
whales likely inhabited freshwater or saltwater.
#t #t #t #t #t
Although most oxygen atoms have eight neutrons, some oxygen isotopes
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have more (e.g. 10). Seawater has more oxygen atoms with 10 neutrons (
#t #t #t # t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t
heavy) than freshwater, and animals that live in the sea incorporate more
#t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t
heavy oxygen into their bones than animals that live on land. Thus, by m
#t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t # t #t #t
easuring the ratio of light to heavy oxygen in the bones of fossil whales, an
#t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t
d comparing this to ratios found in extant organisms inhabiting freshwate
#t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t
r or seawater environments, scientists were able to determine whether ext
#t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t
inct whales likely lived in the sea or the land.
#t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t
1. Which of the following is NOT an example of evolution?
#t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t
(a) Beak size in a population of birds becomes larger from one generation to
#t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t
the next because larger beaked birds had higher reproductive success a
#t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t
nd passed the trait to their offspring
#t #t #t #t #t #t
(b) Over long periods of time whales gradually lost their hindlimbs
#t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t
(c) When traveling to high altitude, human physiology changes to
#t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #
accommodate lower oxygen levels
t #t #t #t
(d) All of the above are examples of evolution
#t #t #t #t #t #t #t
2. The fluke of a whale and the fluke of a shark:
#t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t
(a) are homologous traits
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(b) arose through convergent evolution
#t #t #t
(c) are the result of natural selection
#t #t #t #t #t
(d) b and c are correct
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(e) all are correct
#t #t
3. Mammary glands in whales and humans:
#t #t #t #t #t
(a) are a synapomorphy for these species and other mammals
#t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t
(b) are homologous traits
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(c) were likely present in the most recent common ancestor of humans and
#t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t
whales
(d) all are correct
#t #t
(e) none are correct #t #t
4. Based on current fossil evidence:
#t #t #t #t
(a) whales were likely fully aquatic before they evolved peg-
#t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t
like teeth or baleen
#t #t #t
(b) evolution of baleen forced whales to become fully aquatic
#t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t
(c) the teeth of extinct whales such as Dorudon were similar to those of
#t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t
extinct land mammals #t #t
(d) a and c are correct
#t #t #t #t
(e) b and c are correct
#t #t #t #t
5. One important feature that links extinct organisms such as Pakicetus and
#t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t
Indohyus to cetaceans is:
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(a) the shape of a bone in the middle ear
#t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t
(b) the presence of forelimb flippers
#t #t #t #t
(c) the lack of hindlegs
#t #t #t
(d) peg-like teeth #t
,6. The placement of whales within the artiodactyls is supported by:
#t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t
(a) morphology of limb bones (e.g. the astragalus) in extinct whales #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t
(b) DNA evidence #t
(c) the fact that some artiodactyls (e.g. hippos) spend a significant amount of
#t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t
time in the water #t #t #t
(d) a and b are correct
#t #t #t #t
(e) all of the above #t #t #t
7. From examining the fossil record, scientists have postulated that long-
#t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t
term historic changes in cetacean diversity depended on:
#t #t #t #t #t #t #t
(a) changes in the abundance of diatoms, one of their main food sources
#t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t
(b) changes in the abundance of diatoms, which serve as food for#t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #
animals that were preyed upon by cetaceans
t #t #t #t #t #t #t
(c) changes in sea temperature #t #t #t
(d) rising pollution levels in the ocean
#t #t #t #t #t
(e) changes in the abundance of organisms that prey on cetaceans
#t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t
8. Which of the following would explain why viruses such as influenza evolve so
#t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t
rapidly:
(a) they have a high mutation rate
#t #t #t #t #t
(b) they have a high replication rate
#t #t #t #t #t
(c) they can undergo viral reassortment
#t #t #t #t
(d) none of the above #t #t #t
(e) all of the above #t #t #t
9. Which of the following statements is accurate regarding the evolution of drug
#t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t
resistance in a virus: #t #t #t
(a) the drug causes mutations in the virus that make it resistant
#t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t
(b) even before the drug is administered, some virions might be
#t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #
resistant
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(c) an individual virion that is exposed to the drug will adapt by becoming
#t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t
resistant; future applications of the drug will be ineffective against this
#t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t
virion
(d) all of the above #t #t #t
10. The molecular clock used to date the emergence of the 2009 H1N1 strain
#t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t
would be inaccurate if:
#t #t #t
(a) mutations arose at different rates in different lineages #t #t #t #t #t #t #t
(b) the most recent common ancestor of the viral strains existed long ago
#t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t
(c) the most recent common ancestor of the viral strains existed recently
#t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t
(d) none of the above #t #t #t
, 11. New mutations: #t
(a) are random with respect to their effects on fitness
#t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t
(b) are necessary for natural selection to cause evolutionary change
#t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t
(c) are rare in a population #t #t #t #t
(d) a and b are correct
#t #t #t #t
(e) all are correct #t #t
12. Evolution occurs when: #t #t
(a) individuals in a population change in response to the environment #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t
(b) the average value of trait in a population changes from one
#t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #
generation to the next
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(c) a and b are both correct
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(d) Neither a or b is correct #t #t #t #t #t
Short answer/essay.
#t
1. Please describe evidence three pieces of evidence found in extant cetaceans
#t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t
that supports the idea that their ancestors had hindlimbs.
#t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t
1. During embryonic development hindlimb buds form, but are then
#t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #
stop growing.
t #t
2. Some extant whales have a vestigial pelvis, which only makes sense
#t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #
if their ancestors had hindlimbs.
t #t #t #t #t
3. DNA evidence shows that cetaceans are nested within the artiodac
#t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t
tyls. The common ancestor of artiodactyls would have had hindlim
# t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t
bs.
2. Describe how scientists used carbon isotopes to determine whether extinct
#t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t
whales likely inhabited freshwater or saltwater.
#t #t #t #t #t
Although most oxygen atoms have eight neutrons, some oxygen isotopes
#t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t
have more (e.g. 10). Seawater has more oxygen atoms with 10 neutrons (
#t #t #t # t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t
heavy) than freshwater, and animals that live in the sea incorporate more
#t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t
heavy oxygen into their bones than animals that live on land. Thus, by m
#t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t # t #t #t
easuring the ratio of light to heavy oxygen in the bones of fossil whales, an
#t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t
d comparing this to ratios found in extant organisms inhabiting freshwate
#t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t
r or seawater environments, scientists were able to determine whether ext
#t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t
inct whales likely lived in the sea or the land.
#t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t
