cofc geology 105 lab final QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS
1. Analogous systems - ANSWER-similarities among unrelated species that end result
from convergent evolution
2. angular disconformity - ANSWER-horizontal layers of sedimentary rock; often tilted
and uplifted
3. asymmetrical ripple marks - ANSWER-- fashioned via one-directional currents
4. organic evolution - ANSWER-change within the heritable characteristics of organic
populations over the years.
5. Chalk - ANSWER-sediment: natural material
depositional surroundings: deep ocean
6. Characteristics of lobe-finned fish - ANSWER-- fins are flexible; have numerous huge
bones with smaller bones along the edge
- fins are doubtlessly beneficial for helping them on land
- early ancestor of amphibians
7. Characteristics of ray-finned fish - ANSWER-plenty of long thin bones in a fan form
8. coal - ANSWER-sediment: carbon
depositional environment: marsh/swamp
9. coarsening-upward - ANSWER-regression; strength to deposit heavier/coarser
grains need to be higher than strength to deposit finer grains (grain length is
growing upward)
10.coastal surroundings influences of sea level upward thrust - ANSWER-erosion of
beaches, flooding of marshes/wetlands, increase salinity negative plant/animal
ecosystems
11.concurrent variety - ANSWER-"overlap" of geologic range of fossils found in
rock/sediment layer
12.conglomerate - ANSWER-sediment: unsorted
depositional surroundings: alluvial fan/river
13.Convergent Evolution - ANSWER-Process with the aid of which unrelated
organisms independently evolve similarities while adapting to similar
environments (saber-toothed predators had large canines although unrelated)
14.coquina - ANSWER-- sedimentary rock crafted from fossilized seashells stuck
collectively
- high strength
- shallow ocean
15.go-bedded sandstone - ANSWER-sedimentary structure: crossbeds
sediment: sand
depositional environment: desert/coast
16.cross-bedding - ANSWER-paperwork as willing layers of sediment are carried
forward across a horizontal floor
, depositional environment: wasteland/seaside
17.determining age of rock from 1/2-lifestyles - ANSWER-if a rocks half-life is two
hundred million years old and 3 half of-lifes are depicted, multiply # by means of
how many 1/2-lifes are proven... Two hundred x three = six hundred 12 months
antique rock
18.Diapsid - ANSWER-lizards, snakes, dinosaurs, crocodiles, and birds, holes at the
back of eye socket
19.Dikes - ANSWER-a structure built to save you ocean waters from flooding
adjoining land
20.Dinosaurs in Marginocephelia - ANSWER-pachycephhlosaurus and triceratops
21.Dinosaurs in Ornithopoda - ANSWER-parasaurolophus and iguanodon
22.Dinosaurs in Sauropods - ANSWER-apatosaurus and camarasaurus
23.Dinosaurs in Theropods - ANSWER-allosaurus and velociraptor
24.Dinosaurs in Thyreophora - ANSWER-stegosaurus and ankylosaurus
25.Disconformity - ANSWER-a sort of unconformity wherein the sedimentary layers
above and below the unconformity are parallel
26.Do shallow seas result in HIGH or LOW biodiversity? - ANSWER-High
27.Features of Australopithecus aethiopicus skull - ANSWER-age ~2.7 mya
cranial capability avg - 410
forehead ridge - huge
sagittal crest - gift
jaw shape - field
size of molars - big
28.Features of Australopithecus aferensis cranium - ANSWER-age ~3.9-four.0 mya
cranial potential avg - 438
brow ridge - medium
sagittal crest - present
jaw form - container
size of molars - big
29.Features of Australopithecus boisei cranium - ANSWER-age ~2.3 mya
cranial capability avg - 521
brow ridge - massive
sagittal crest - gift
jaw form - container
size of molars - big
30.Features of Homo dragster skull - ANSWER-age ~1.9 mya
cranial potential avg - 900
forehead ridge - huge
sagittal crest - absent
jaw shape - intermediate
size of molars - medium
31.Features of Homo erectus cranium - ANSWER-age ~1.8 mya
cranial capacity avg - 1100
forehead ridge - big
AND ANSWERS
1. Analogous systems - ANSWER-similarities among unrelated species that end result
from convergent evolution
2. angular disconformity - ANSWER-horizontal layers of sedimentary rock; often tilted
and uplifted
3. asymmetrical ripple marks - ANSWER-- fashioned via one-directional currents
4. organic evolution - ANSWER-change within the heritable characteristics of organic
populations over the years.
5. Chalk - ANSWER-sediment: natural material
depositional surroundings: deep ocean
6. Characteristics of lobe-finned fish - ANSWER-- fins are flexible; have numerous huge
bones with smaller bones along the edge
- fins are doubtlessly beneficial for helping them on land
- early ancestor of amphibians
7. Characteristics of ray-finned fish - ANSWER-plenty of long thin bones in a fan form
8. coal - ANSWER-sediment: carbon
depositional environment: marsh/swamp
9. coarsening-upward - ANSWER-regression; strength to deposit heavier/coarser
grains need to be higher than strength to deposit finer grains (grain length is
growing upward)
10.coastal surroundings influences of sea level upward thrust - ANSWER-erosion of
beaches, flooding of marshes/wetlands, increase salinity negative plant/animal
ecosystems
11.concurrent variety - ANSWER-"overlap" of geologic range of fossils found in
rock/sediment layer
12.conglomerate - ANSWER-sediment: unsorted
depositional surroundings: alluvial fan/river
13.Convergent Evolution - ANSWER-Process with the aid of which unrelated
organisms independently evolve similarities while adapting to similar
environments (saber-toothed predators had large canines although unrelated)
14.coquina - ANSWER-- sedimentary rock crafted from fossilized seashells stuck
collectively
- high strength
- shallow ocean
15.go-bedded sandstone - ANSWER-sedimentary structure: crossbeds
sediment: sand
depositional environment: desert/coast
16.cross-bedding - ANSWER-paperwork as willing layers of sediment are carried
forward across a horizontal floor
, depositional environment: wasteland/seaside
17.determining age of rock from 1/2-lifestyles - ANSWER-if a rocks half-life is two
hundred million years old and 3 half of-lifes are depicted, multiply # by means of
how many 1/2-lifes are proven... Two hundred x three = six hundred 12 months
antique rock
18.Diapsid - ANSWER-lizards, snakes, dinosaurs, crocodiles, and birds, holes at the
back of eye socket
19.Dikes - ANSWER-a structure built to save you ocean waters from flooding
adjoining land
20.Dinosaurs in Marginocephelia - ANSWER-pachycephhlosaurus and triceratops
21.Dinosaurs in Ornithopoda - ANSWER-parasaurolophus and iguanodon
22.Dinosaurs in Sauropods - ANSWER-apatosaurus and camarasaurus
23.Dinosaurs in Theropods - ANSWER-allosaurus and velociraptor
24.Dinosaurs in Thyreophora - ANSWER-stegosaurus and ankylosaurus
25.Disconformity - ANSWER-a sort of unconformity wherein the sedimentary layers
above and below the unconformity are parallel
26.Do shallow seas result in HIGH or LOW biodiversity? - ANSWER-High
27.Features of Australopithecus aethiopicus skull - ANSWER-age ~2.7 mya
cranial capability avg - 410
forehead ridge - huge
sagittal crest - gift
jaw shape - field
size of molars - big
28.Features of Australopithecus aferensis cranium - ANSWER-age ~3.9-four.0 mya
cranial potential avg - 438
brow ridge - medium
sagittal crest - present
jaw form - container
size of molars - big
29.Features of Australopithecus boisei cranium - ANSWER-age ~2.3 mya
cranial capability avg - 521
brow ridge - massive
sagittal crest - gift
jaw form - container
size of molars - big
30.Features of Homo dragster skull - ANSWER-age ~1.9 mya
cranial potential avg - 900
forehead ridge - huge
sagittal crest - absent
jaw shape - intermediate
size of molars - medium
31.Features of Homo erectus cranium - ANSWER-age ~1.8 mya
cranial capacity avg - 1100
forehead ridge - big
