BIOD351 Module 8 Neurology/Psychiatry
Comprehensive Final Test (Qns & Ans)
2025
Question 1 (Multiple Choice)
Question:
Which receptor’s dysregulation is most closely implicated in
excitotoxic neuronal damage during ischemic stroke, and is a
target for neuroprotective agents like memantine?
A) AMPA receptor
B) NMDA receptor
C) GABA_B receptor
D) Alpha‑adrenergic receptor
Correct ANS:
B) NMDA receptor
©2025
, Rationale:
Excessive glutamate release during ischemic events
overstimulates NMDA receptors, leading to calcium overload and
excitotoxicity. Memantine, an NMDA receptor antagonist, helps
block this pathway and mitigate neuronal damage.
---
Question 2 (Fill in the Blank)
Question:
The class of antidepressants that increases serotonin levels by
inhibiting its presynaptic reuptake is known as ________ .
Correct ANS:
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)
Rationale:
SSRIs block the reuptake transporter for serotonin, thereby
increasing its concentration in the synaptic cleft. This enhanced
serotonergic transmission is central to their therapeutic effect in
depression and anxiety disorders.
©2025
,---
Question 3 (True/False)
Question:
True/False: Extrapyramidal side effects associated with
antipsychotic medications typically result from dopamine D2
receptor antagonism in the nigrostriatal pathway.
Correct ANS:
True
Rationale:
Blockade of dopamine D2 receptors in the nigrostriatal pathway is
responsible for motor disturbances like dystonia, parkinsonism,
and tardive dyskinesia. This underlies the increased risk of
extrapyramidal symptoms with typical antipsychotic drugs.
---
Question 4 (Multiple Response)
Question:
©2025
, Select all neurotransmitter systems that are commonly implicated
in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia:
A) Dopaminergic
B) Glutamatergic
C) GABAergic
D) Serotonergic
E) Cholinergic
Correct ANS:
A) Dopaminergic, B) Glutamatergic, C) GABAergic, D)
Serotonergic
Rationale:
Schizophrenia is primarily associated with dysregulation of
dopamine (classic dopamine hypothesis), abnormal glutamate
(NMDA receptor hypofunction), and dysfunctional GABAergic
interneurons. Serotonergic mechanisms play a modulatory role,
especially relevant to atypical antipsychotic action. The
cholinergic system has been studied, but it is less directly
implicated in core schizophrenia pathology.
---
©2025
Comprehensive Final Test (Qns & Ans)
2025
Question 1 (Multiple Choice)
Question:
Which receptor’s dysregulation is most closely implicated in
excitotoxic neuronal damage during ischemic stroke, and is a
target for neuroprotective agents like memantine?
A) AMPA receptor
B) NMDA receptor
C) GABA_B receptor
D) Alpha‑adrenergic receptor
Correct ANS:
B) NMDA receptor
©2025
, Rationale:
Excessive glutamate release during ischemic events
overstimulates NMDA receptors, leading to calcium overload and
excitotoxicity. Memantine, an NMDA receptor antagonist, helps
block this pathway and mitigate neuronal damage.
---
Question 2 (Fill in the Blank)
Question:
The class of antidepressants that increases serotonin levels by
inhibiting its presynaptic reuptake is known as ________ .
Correct ANS:
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)
Rationale:
SSRIs block the reuptake transporter for serotonin, thereby
increasing its concentration in the synaptic cleft. This enhanced
serotonergic transmission is central to their therapeutic effect in
depression and anxiety disorders.
©2025
,---
Question 3 (True/False)
Question:
True/False: Extrapyramidal side effects associated with
antipsychotic medications typically result from dopamine D2
receptor antagonism in the nigrostriatal pathway.
Correct ANS:
True
Rationale:
Blockade of dopamine D2 receptors in the nigrostriatal pathway is
responsible for motor disturbances like dystonia, parkinsonism,
and tardive dyskinesia. This underlies the increased risk of
extrapyramidal symptoms with typical antipsychotic drugs.
---
Question 4 (Multiple Response)
Question:
©2025
, Select all neurotransmitter systems that are commonly implicated
in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia:
A) Dopaminergic
B) Glutamatergic
C) GABAergic
D) Serotonergic
E) Cholinergic
Correct ANS:
A) Dopaminergic, B) Glutamatergic, C) GABAergic, D)
Serotonergic
Rationale:
Schizophrenia is primarily associated with dysregulation of
dopamine (classic dopamine hypothesis), abnormal glutamate
(NMDA receptor hypofunction), and dysfunctional GABAergic
interneurons. Serotonergic mechanisms play a modulatory role,
especially relevant to atypical antipsychotic action. The
cholinergic system has been studied, but it is less directly
implicated in core schizophrenia pathology.
---
©2025
