Inflammation/Immunity N440 (Exam 1)
UPDATED ACTUAL Exam Questions and
CORRECT Answers
What is a left shift or bandemia? - CORRECT ANSWER - increased count of immature
neutrophils
A differential white blood cell count has been ordered for a patient with sepsis. What elevated
result does the nurse anticipate? - CORRECT ANSWER - Band neutrophils.
Rationale: Bone marrow cannot produce enough mature neutrophils to keep in pace with the
infection.
What happens during stage II of the inflammatory process? - CORRECT ANSWER - 1.
Pus formation
2. Increased number circulatory neutrophils
3. Neutrophils attack and destroy the organism.
(repair and regeneration: collagen formation)
Cells involved in general inflammation process: - CORRECT ANSWER - - neutrophils
and macrophages (destroy and eliminate invaders)
- basophils and eosinophils release chemicals on blood vessels that help actions of neutrophils
and macrophages
Best way to prevent pneumonia (elderly): - CORRECT ANSWER - vaccine
Patients with COPD and malnourishment are at increased risk for: - CORRECT
ANSWER - pneumonia
,Purpose of mucolytics: - CORRECT ANSWER - thin secretions to make them easier to
expectorate
Side effect of Sudafed - CORRECT ANSWER - restlessness, not being able to sleep
New diagnosis of COPD: first thing to discuss - CORRECT ANSWER - family patient's
concerns, whether they have accurate information, develop teaching plan
When to empty colostomy/ostomy: - CORRECT ANSWER - When it is one-third to one-
half full of stool
Complication associated w Crohn's disease and why?? - CORRECT ANSWER - Fistula--
deep ulcerations and strictures occur within bowel which increases fistula risk.
Indicators of ulcerative colitis: - CORRECT ANSWER - --10-13 bloody liquid stools/day
--fever?
--low skin turgor
--low HgB and HCT
-- hemorrhage may occur
-- nutritional deficiencies
Potential complications of Chrone's disease: - CORRECT ANSWER - fistulas,
osteoporosis, malabsorption, absess formation
Diet for diverticular disease: - CORRECT ANSWER - -Recommend whole grains because
of fiber
-Dietary fats should be reduced
-If pt. wants beef, should be lean.
-Avoid seedy foods (strawberries, tomatoes)
,First line treatment for mild ulcerative colitis: - CORRECT ANSWER - Sulfasalazine
Differentiation factor between Crohn's and UC? - CORRECT ANSWER - UC patients
may experience hemorrhage
Fiber limitations and diverticulitis: - CORRECT ANSWER - Low fiber when diverticulitis
is active/with exacerbation, high fiber once inflammation has subsided.
Complication seen exclusively in patients with Ulcerative Colitis?? - CORRECT
ANSWER - Colorectal cancer.
What would you give a patient with UC complaining of severe diarrhea? - CORRECT
ANSWER - Glucocorticoids (prednisone and prednisolone). anti-diarrheals only
symptomatic
Clinical findings that indicate ulcerative colitis: - CORRECT ANSWER - presence of
blood and mucous in stool
How do WBC counts change with UC and Chrone's? - CORRECT ANSWER - increase
Peritonitis signs and symptoms/findings: - CORRECT ANSWER - anorexia, distended
abdomen, HIGH GRADE fever, urine output decreased, unable to pass gas, vomiting
Appendicitis complications - CORRECT ANSWER - may develop perforation which can
lead to peritonitis. Rapid assessment and possible surgical intervention needed.
What is IBS? - CORRECT ANSWER - chronic inflammatory processes most common in
small and large intestine
, 2 main types of IBS: - CORRECT ANSWER - Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn's Disease
Ulcerative Colitis location, process - CORRECT ANSWER - Widespread, continuous
inflammation of the colon and rectum. Starts in rectum and can progress proximally.
Inflammation of the mucosa and submucosa in rectum and colon.
Causes of UC: - CORRECT ANSWER - exact cause unknown. genetic, immunologic,
environmental factors
Factors that can cause UC exacerbation: - CORRECT ANSWER - foods, intestinal
infection
Older adults with UC are at increased risk for: - CORRECT ANSWER - fluid and
electrolyte imbalances, dehydration
ULCERS UC acronym: - CORRECT ANSWER - U: Urgent/frequent need to have bowel
movements
L: Loss of weight due to diarrhea, Low RBC (anemia)
C: Cramps in abdomen (very painful)
E: Electrolyte imbalances, Elevated temp
R: Rectal bleeding
S: Severe diarrhea w pus, blood, and mucous
UC s/s: - CORRECT ANSWER - -malaise, anorexia, weight loss, anemia, dehydration,
fever
-tenesmus and lower abdominal pain relieved with defecation
- 10 to 20 liquid bloody stools a day with exacerbation
NSAID use and UC - CORRECT ANSWER - Pts we UC should not take NSAIDS
UPDATED ACTUAL Exam Questions and
CORRECT Answers
What is a left shift or bandemia? - CORRECT ANSWER - increased count of immature
neutrophils
A differential white blood cell count has been ordered for a patient with sepsis. What elevated
result does the nurse anticipate? - CORRECT ANSWER - Band neutrophils.
Rationale: Bone marrow cannot produce enough mature neutrophils to keep in pace with the
infection.
What happens during stage II of the inflammatory process? - CORRECT ANSWER - 1.
Pus formation
2. Increased number circulatory neutrophils
3. Neutrophils attack and destroy the organism.
(repair and regeneration: collagen formation)
Cells involved in general inflammation process: - CORRECT ANSWER - - neutrophils
and macrophages (destroy and eliminate invaders)
- basophils and eosinophils release chemicals on blood vessels that help actions of neutrophils
and macrophages
Best way to prevent pneumonia (elderly): - CORRECT ANSWER - vaccine
Patients with COPD and malnourishment are at increased risk for: - CORRECT
ANSWER - pneumonia
,Purpose of mucolytics: - CORRECT ANSWER - thin secretions to make them easier to
expectorate
Side effect of Sudafed - CORRECT ANSWER - restlessness, not being able to sleep
New diagnosis of COPD: first thing to discuss - CORRECT ANSWER - family patient's
concerns, whether they have accurate information, develop teaching plan
When to empty colostomy/ostomy: - CORRECT ANSWER - When it is one-third to one-
half full of stool
Complication associated w Crohn's disease and why?? - CORRECT ANSWER - Fistula--
deep ulcerations and strictures occur within bowel which increases fistula risk.
Indicators of ulcerative colitis: - CORRECT ANSWER - --10-13 bloody liquid stools/day
--fever?
--low skin turgor
--low HgB and HCT
-- hemorrhage may occur
-- nutritional deficiencies
Potential complications of Chrone's disease: - CORRECT ANSWER - fistulas,
osteoporosis, malabsorption, absess formation
Diet for diverticular disease: - CORRECT ANSWER - -Recommend whole grains because
of fiber
-Dietary fats should be reduced
-If pt. wants beef, should be lean.
-Avoid seedy foods (strawberries, tomatoes)
,First line treatment for mild ulcerative colitis: - CORRECT ANSWER - Sulfasalazine
Differentiation factor between Crohn's and UC? - CORRECT ANSWER - UC patients
may experience hemorrhage
Fiber limitations and diverticulitis: - CORRECT ANSWER - Low fiber when diverticulitis
is active/with exacerbation, high fiber once inflammation has subsided.
Complication seen exclusively in patients with Ulcerative Colitis?? - CORRECT
ANSWER - Colorectal cancer.
What would you give a patient with UC complaining of severe diarrhea? - CORRECT
ANSWER - Glucocorticoids (prednisone and prednisolone). anti-diarrheals only
symptomatic
Clinical findings that indicate ulcerative colitis: - CORRECT ANSWER - presence of
blood and mucous in stool
How do WBC counts change with UC and Chrone's? - CORRECT ANSWER - increase
Peritonitis signs and symptoms/findings: - CORRECT ANSWER - anorexia, distended
abdomen, HIGH GRADE fever, urine output decreased, unable to pass gas, vomiting
Appendicitis complications - CORRECT ANSWER - may develop perforation which can
lead to peritonitis. Rapid assessment and possible surgical intervention needed.
What is IBS? - CORRECT ANSWER - chronic inflammatory processes most common in
small and large intestine
, 2 main types of IBS: - CORRECT ANSWER - Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn's Disease
Ulcerative Colitis location, process - CORRECT ANSWER - Widespread, continuous
inflammation of the colon and rectum. Starts in rectum and can progress proximally.
Inflammation of the mucosa and submucosa in rectum and colon.
Causes of UC: - CORRECT ANSWER - exact cause unknown. genetic, immunologic,
environmental factors
Factors that can cause UC exacerbation: - CORRECT ANSWER - foods, intestinal
infection
Older adults with UC are at increased risk for: - CORRECT ANSWER - fluid and
electrolyte imbalances, dehydration
ULCERS UC acronym: - CORRECT ANSWER - U: Urgent/frequent need to have bowel
movements
L: Loss of weight due to diarrhea, Low RBC (anemia)
C: Cramps in abdomen (very painful)
E: Electrolyte imbalances, Elevated temp
R: Rectal bleeding
S: Severe diarrhea w pus, blood, and mucous
UC s/s: - CORRECT ANSWER - -malaise, anorexia, weight loss, anemia, dehydration,
fever
-tenesmus and lower abdominal pain relieved with defecation
- 10 to 20 liquid bloody stools a day with exacerbation
NSAID use and UC - CORRECT ANSWER - Pts we UC should not take NSAIDS
