NURSING 150-FINAL EXAM AND ANSWERS
Sign (objective) - Answers :What we see, hear and smell so like vitals, labs something
that is measurable
Symptom (subjective) - Answers :What the patient tells us so examples are: nausea,
pain, numbness, dizziness etc
Primary data - Answers :Information coming straight from the patient from interviewing
them
Secondary data - Answers :Information that can come from family members, charts,
labs etc
State Nurse Practice Act - Answers :What we can or cannot do
How do we assess clients? - Answers :1. Head to toe (initial)
2. Focused (main problem? focused area?)
3. body system
Post OP risks? - Answers :death, urine/bowel, pain, pneumonia, mental status, falls,
infections (high fever & HR)
Benner's Theory - Answers :novice, advanced beginner, competent, proficient, expert
When we graduated as nurses we are? - Answers :advanced beginners
Experience nurses will pick up - Answers :subtle patterns
In a clinical setting you always - Answers :prioritize care
Assumptions - Answers :you never guess, always get evidence or proof
ADLs - Answers :activities of daily living: feeding, grooming, dressing, bathroom etc
critical thinking - Answers :collect info, help prioritize care, always think with a purpose,
have evidence to support, provide safe patient care
Just culture - Answers :taking responsibilities for the wrongs you did at work so like
wrong medication etc
What are the 5 vitals signs? - Answers :Temp: 97-99.6
HR: 60-100
Respiration: 12-20
BP: 120/80
, Pain: 1-10 (always the 5th vital sign)
Chronic illness - Answers :Lasts more than 6 months; does not go away usually
Acute illness - Answers :New illness; something that can be taken care of
Airborne (TB) - Answers :gloves, mask (N95), gown and goggles
Droplets (flu) - Answers :gloves, regular mask, gown and goggles
Contact (C-diff) - Answers :gown (most important), gown, gloves and goggles.
C-diff - Answers :a bacterium that can cause symptoms ranging from diarrhea to life-
threatening inflammation of the colon.
When a patient has an infection: - Answers :changes in their mental health, high temp
and HR, redness swelling/drainage in the wound or site. Lungs could be congested and
if so get labs (wbc), get urine, blood and chest x-rays. Infections could have a green,
fowl smelling.
Risks in the healthcare field? - Answers :Falls and in hospital infections
body mechanics - Answers :bend knees, avoid twisting, keep close to midline, lift with
your legs, tighten core
What are 2 main reasons for bed baths? - Answers :1. infections
2. comfort
Why do we change patient's bed sheets? - Answers :to avoid wrinkles and bed sores
and for comfort
Which age group has the highest risks for infections? - Answers :Babies, children and
elderly
If a patient falls: - Answers :First you asses them, notify the MD, notify the family
member and then write out incident report.
As nurses we ask questions like? - Answers :Their sleep schedule, their diet, any daily
practices, any issues etc
S B A R - Answers :miscommunication between nurses and MD often lead to errors
s- what is the situation?
b-background of the patient
a- assessment
r- recommendation
Sign (objective) - Answers :What we see, hear and smell so like vitals, labs something
that is measurable
Symptom (subjective) - Answers :What the patient tells us so examples are: nausea,
pain, numbness, dizziness etc
Primary data - Answers :Information coming straight from the patient from interviewing
them
Secondary data - Answers :Information that can come from family members, charts,
labs etc
State Nurse Practice Act - Answers :What we can or cannot do
How do we assess clients? - Answers :1. Head to toe (initial)
2. Focused (main problem? focused area?)
3. body system
Post OP risks? - Answers :death, urine/bowel, pain, pneumonia, mental status, falls,
infections (high fever & HR)
Benner's Theory - Answers :novice, advanced beginner, competent, proficient, expert
When we graduated as nurses we are? - Answers :advanced beginners
Experience nurses will pick up - Answers :subtle patterns
In a clinical setting you always - Answers :prioritize care
Assumptions - Answers :you never guess, always get evidence or proof
ADLs - Answers :activities of daily living: feeding, grooming, dressing, bathroom etc
critical thinking - Answers :collect info, help prioritize care, always think with a purpose,
have evidence to support, provide safe patient care
Just culture - Answers :taking responsibilities for the wrongs you did at work so like
wrong medication etc
What are the 5 vitals signs? - Answers :Temp: 97-99.6
HR: 60-100
Respiration: 12-20
BP: 120/80
, Pain: 1-10 (always the 5th vital sign)
Chronic illness - Answers :Lasts more than 6 months; does not go away usually
Acute illness - Answers :New illness; something that can be taken care of
Airborne (TB) - Answers :gloves, mask (N95), gown and goggles
Droplets (flu) - Answers :gloves, regular mask, gown and goggles
Contact (C-diff) - Answers :gown (most important), gown, gloves and goggles.
C-diff - Answers :a bacterium that can cause symptoms ranging from diarrhea to life-
threatening inflammation of the colon.
When a patient has an infection: - Answers :changes in their mental health, high temp
and HR, redness swelling/drainage in the wound or site. Lungs could be congested and
if so get labs (wbc), get urine, blood and chest x-rays. Infections could have a green,
fowl smelling.
Risks in the healthcare field? - Answers :Falls and in hospital infections
body mechanics - Answers :bend knees, avoid twisting, keep close to midline, lift with
your legs, tighten core
What are 2 main reasons for bed baths? - Answers :1. infections
2. comfort
Why do we change patient's bed sheets? - Answers :to avoid wrinkles and bed sores
and for comfort
Which age group has the highest risks for infections? - Answers :Babies, children and
elderly
If a patient falls: - Answers :First you asses them, notify the MD, notify the family
member and then write out incident report.
As nurses we ask questions like? - Answers :Their sleep schedule, their diet, any daily
practices, any issues etc
S B A R - Answers :miscommunication between nurses and MD often lead to errors
s- what is the situation?
b-background of the patient
a- assessment
r- recommendation
