Thorough final exam review for General Biology,
featuring verified multiple-choice, true/false, and
short-answer questions with correct answers.
Covers key topics including cell biology, genetics,
photosynthesis, evolution, ecosystems, human
anatomy, and endocrine and nervous systems.
Latest updated 2025 exam study guide.
True or False: Basic solutions have a pH under 7.0. - ansFalse
What three atoms are components in all carbohydrates? - ansCarbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
What are the building blocks of all proteins (polypeptides)?
a. nucleotides
b. lipids
c. amino acids
d. phosphorus - ansamino acids
True or False: Saturated fatty acids (found in red meat, butter, cheeses) have MORE
hydrogen ions than unsaturated fatty acids (found in olive oil, fish oil, avocado). - ansTrue
In our cells, phospholipids
a. form a monolayer that constitutes a single biological membrane.
b. form a bilayer in which the hydrophobic tails are tucked into the interior of the bilayer.
c. have a hydrophobic head group, and a hydrophilic tail that is oriented toward the
cytoplasm.
d. have a polypeptide trial that is strongly hydrophobic. - ansform a bilayer in which the
hydrophobic tails are tucked into the interior of the bilayer
The benefit of having smaller cells is that: (in comparison to a smaller cell)
a. the cells have a lower surface area relative to its volume
b. the cells exchange materials with its environment efficiently
c. they expend a significant amount of energy to function - ansthe cells exchange materials
with its environment efficiently
The rough endoplasmic reticulum is where _________ are synthesized, and the smooth
endoplasmic reticulum is where ______ are synthesized. - ansproteins; lipids
Where in the eukaryotic cell is nearly all genetic material stored? - ansnucleus
The plasma membrane is a selectively permeable barrier that is responsible for which of the
following?
a. bringing in needed molecules and removing waste from the cell
b. communicating with other cells and the environment
c. anchoring the cell in place
d. All the above - ansall the above
In what other organelle is a SMALL amount of genetic material stored? - ansmitochondrion
Living cells are separated from the outside environment by a flexible
a. nucleus
b. plasma membrane
c. cell wall
d. DNA circle - ansplasma membrane
a proton has ______ charge
a. no
b. a neutral
,Thorough final exam review for General Biology,
featuring verified multiple-choice, true/false, and
short-answer questions with correct answers.
Covers key topics including cell biology, genetics,
photosynthesis, evolution, ecosystems, human
anatomy, and endocrine and nervous systems.
Latest updated 2025 exam study guide.
c. a negative
d. a positive - ansa positive
Lysosomes are organelles responsible for the breakdown of macromolecules. Why is it useful
to have the lysosomal reactions compartmentalized, rather than allowing them to take place
freely in the cytoplasm of the cell?
a. the lysosome's enzymes would break down cellular macromolecules that should remain
intact
b. if these reactions took place in the cytoplasm, their host cells would become prokaryotic
c. the presence of lysosomes allows vesicles to form more quickly
d. the absence of lysosomes would cause the vacuoles of animal cells to burst - ansthe
lysosome's enzymes would break down cellular macromolecules that should remain intact
The process of photosynthesis
a. breaks down sugars to create ATP
b. traps light energy in an energy carrier like ATP
c. produces carbon dioxide
d. occurs in some animal cells - anstraps light energy in an energy carrier like ATP
Which of the following would directly supply energy to an active carrier protein?
a. Lipids
b. Starch
c. ATP
d. fatty acids - ansATP
Which type of molecule will diffuse through the plasma membrane most quickly?
a. a small polar molecule like water
b. a large nonpolar molecule like carbon dioxide-diphosphate
c. a large polar molecule like glucose
d. a large nonpolar molecule like testosterone - ansa small polar molecule like water
Active transport requires
a. cellular energy, usually in the form of ATP
b. thermal energy from the environment
c. hormonal activation of specific protein carriers
d. the initial movement of water by osmosis to develop a favorable concentration gradient -
anscellular energy, usually in the form of ATP
The concentration of glucose inside a cell is higher than the concentration outside that cel, yet
glucose continues to enter the cell. This is an example of
a. passive transport
b. diffusion
c. active transport
d. osmotic transport - ansactive transport
A cell that is gaining water from its surroundings is in a(n) ________ solution.
, Thorough final exam review for General Biology,
featuring verified multiple-choice, true/false, and
short-answer questions with correct answers.
Covers key topics including cell biology, genetics,
photosynthesis, evolution, ecosystems, human
anatomy, and endocrine and nervous systems.
Latest updated 2025 exam study guide.
a. hypertonic
b. hypotonic
c. isotonic
d. osmotic transport - anshypotonic
Multicellular organisms have various specialized cells because
a. any one cell can contain only one kind of organelle
b. each kind of cell is able to function in isolation, like bacteria
c. specialized cells ensure that processes necessary for life occur efficiently - ansspecialized
cells ensure that processes necessary for life occur efficiently
Signaling molecules can affect a cell from the outside by interacting with specific receptors
that are located
a. in/on the plasma membrane
b. within the cell's organelles
c. within chloroplasts
d. on the cell wall - ansin/on the plasma membrane
The graph depicts the energy flow over the course of a chemical reaction. The graph indicates
that
a. the products of this reaction have more energy than the substrates
b. this reaction requires an input of energy to convert glucose and O2 into H2O and CO2
c. this reaction can run in only one direction (from left to right in the graph)
d. this reaction occurs only in the presence of an enzyme - ansthis reaction requires an input
of energy to convert glucose and O2 into H2O and CO2
In the chemical reaction H2O + CO2 + carbonic anhydrase --> H+ + HCO3 + carbonic
anhydrase, the carbonic anhydrase is a(n)
a. reactant
b. product
c. enzyme
d. active site - ansenzyme
Developing a scientific understanding of a natural phenomenon typically begins by
a. making a prediction
b. testing a hypothesis
c. proving an answer
d. making an observation - ansmaking an observation
Which of the following activities is an example of an experiment?
a. reading a blood pressure gauge
b. examining an x-ray
c. taking prescription medicine
d. making a medical diagnosis - anstaking prescription medicine
Which of the following statements about the scientific method is true?
featuring verified multiple-choice, true/false, and
short-answer questions with correct answers.
Covers key topics including cell biology, genetics,
photosynthesis, evolution, ecosystems, human
anatomy, and endocrine and nervous systems.
Latest updated 2025 exam study guide.
True or False: Basic solutions have a pH under 7.0. - ansFalse
What three atoms are components in all carbohydrates? - ansCarbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
What are the building blocks of all proteins (polypeptides)?
a. nucleotides
b. lipids
c. amino acids
d. phosphorus - ansamino acids
True or False: Saturated fatty acids (found in red meat, butter, cheeses) have MORE
hydrogen ions than unsaturated fatty acids (found in olive oil, fish oil, avocado). - ansTrue
In our cells, phospholipids
a. form a monolayer that constitutes a single biological membrane.
b. form a bilayer in which the hydrophobic tails are tucked into the interior of the bilayer.
c. have a hydrophobic head group, and a hydrophilic tail that is oriented toward the
cytoplasm.
d. have a polypeptide trial that is strongly hydrophobic. - ansform a bilayer in which the
hydrophobic tails are tucked into the interior of the bilayer
The benefit of having smaller cells is that: (in comparison to a smaller cell)
a. the cells have a lower surface area relative to its volume
b. the cells exchange materials with its environment efficiently
c. they expend a significant amount of energy to function - ansthe cells exchange materials
with its environment efficiently
The rough endoplasmic reticulum is where _________ are synthesized, and the smooth
endoplasmic reticulum is where ______ are synthesized. - ansproteins; lipids
Where in the eukaryotic cell is nearly all genetic material stored? - ansnucleus
The plasma membrane is a selectively permeable barrier that is responsible for which of the
following?
a. bringing in needed molecules and removing waste from the cell
b. communicating with other cells and the environment
c. anchoring the cell in place
d. All the above - ansall the above
In what other organelle is a SMALL amount of genetic material stored? - ansmitochondrion
Living cells are separated from the outside environment by a flexible
a. nucleus
b. plasma membrane
c. cell wall
d. DNA circle - ansplasma membrane
a proton has ______ charge
a. no
b. a neutral
,Thorough final exam review for General Biology,
featuring verified multiple-choice, true/false, and
short-answer questions with correct answers.
Covers key topics including cell biology, genetics,
photosynthesis, evolution, ecosystems, human
anatomy, and endocrine and nervous systems.
Latest updated 2025 exam study guide.
c. a negative
d. a positive - ansa positive
Lysosomes are organelles responsible for the breakdown of macromolecules. Why is it useful
to have the lysosomal reactions compartmentalized, rather than allowing them to take place
freely in the cytoplasm of the cell?
a. the lysosome's enzymes would break down cellular macromolecules that should remain
intact
b. if these reactions took place in the cytoplasm, their host cells would become prokaryotic
c. the presence of lysosomes allows vesicles to form more quickly
d. the absence of lysosomes would cause the vacuoles of animal cells to burst - ansthe
lysosome's enzymes would break down cellular macromolecules that should remain intact
The process of photosynthesis
a. breaks down sugars to create ATP
b. traps light energy in an energy carrier like ATP
c. produces carbon dioxide
d. occurs in some animal cells - anstraps light energy in an energy carrier like ATP
Which of the following would directly supply energy to an active carrier protein?
a. Lipids
b. Starch
c. ATP
d. fatty acids - ansATP
Which type of molecule will diffuse through the plasma membrane most quickly?
a. a small polar molecule like water
b. a large nonpolar molecule like carbon dioxide-diphosphate
c. a large polar molecule like glucose
d. a large nonpolar molecule like testosterone - ansa small polar molecule like water
Active transport requires
a. cellular energy, usually in the form of ATP
b. thermal energy from the environment
c. hormonal activation of specific protein carriers
d. the initial movement of water by osmosis to develop a favorable concentration gradient -
anscellular energy, usually in the form of ATP
The concentration of glucose inside a cell is higher than the concentration outside that cel, yet
glucose continues to enter the cell. This is an example of
a. passive transport
b. diffusion
c. active transport
d. osmotic transport - ansactive transport
A cell that is gaining water from its surroundings is in a(n) ________ solution.
, Thorough final exam review for General Biology,
featuring verified multiple-choice, true/false, and
short-answer questions with correct answers.
Covers key topics including cell biology, genetics,
photosynthesis, evolution, ecosystems, human
anatomy, and endocrine and nervous systems.
Latest updated 2025 exam study guide.
a. hypertonic
b. hypotonic
c. isotonic
d. osmotic transport - anshypotonic
Multicellular organisms have various specialized cells because
a. any one cell can contain only one kind of organelle
b. each kind of cell is able to function in isolation, like bacteria
c. specialized cells ensure that processes necessary for life occur efficiently - ansspecialized
cells ensure that processes necessary for life occur efficiently
Signaling molecules can affect a cell from the outside by interacting with specific receptors
that are located
a. in/on the plasma membrane
b. within the cell's organelles
c. within chloroplasts
d. on the cell wall - ansin/on the plasma membrane
The graph depicts the energy flow over the course of a chemical reaction. The graph indicates
that
a. the products of this reaction have more energy than the substrates
b. this reaction requires an input of energy to convert glucose and O2 into H2O and CO2
c. this reaction can run in only one direction (from left to right in the graph)
d. this reaction occurs only in the presence of an enzyme - ansthis reaction requires an input
of energy to convert glucose and O2 into H2O and CO2
In the chemical reaction H2O + CO2 + carbonic anhydrase --> H+ + HCO3 + carbonic
anhydrase, the carbonic anhydrase is a(n)
a. reactant
b. product
c. enzyme
d. active site - ansenzyme
Developing a scientific understanding of a natural phenomenon typically begins by
a. making a prediction
b. testing a hypothesis
c. proving an answer
d. making an observation - ansmaking an observation
Which of the following activities is an example of an experiment?
a. reading a blood pressure gauge
b. examining an x-ray
c. taking prescription medicine
d. making a medical diagnosis - anstaking prescription medicine
Which of the following statements about the scientific method is true?
