PRN1409 EXAM UPDATED QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Urge incontinence-definition - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Involuntary loss of urine alongside a strong
desire to urinate. Patient can no longer suppress signal from bladder to brain that it is time to urinate.
Urge incontinence treatment - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅prompted voiding, toilet q2h
Stress incontinence-definition - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Inability to retain urine when intra-
abdominal pressure is increased (sneezing, laughing, coughing, or aerobic exercise). Urethra cannot
tighten enough to prevent release of urine.
Stress incontinence-treatment - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Exercises to strengthen pelvic floor
muscles (Kegel exercises)
Estrogen replacement (estrogen cream)
Drug therapy
Surgical repair
Collagen injections
Functional incontinence-definition - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Caused by cognitive inability to
recognize the urge to urinate or self-care deficit caused by extreme depression. Inability to reach the
bathroom because of restraints, side rails, or an out-of-reach walker can also result in functional
incontinence.
Functional incontinence-treatment - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅home aids like bedside commodes,
education, bladder training
Overflow incontinence-definition - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Poor contractility of the detrusor muscle
or obstruction of the urethra
Overflow incontinence-cause - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅prostate hypertrophy in males or genital
prolapse in females
, Overflow incontinence-treatment - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Surgery to relieve obstruction.
Intermittent catheterization, bladder compression, drug therapy, behavioral interventions.
Neurogenic incontinence-definition - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅caused by disorders of the neurologic
system (ex. MS or spinal cord injury)
Neurogenic incontinence-treatment - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Catheterization, surgery to remove
stones/blockages, botox injections in bladder muscle
Hydronephrosis - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Urinary obstruction blocking outflow of kidney
Waste products accumulate in kidney and back up into blood
Leads to End Stage Renal Disease
Tx: Removal of obstruction
Glomerulonephritis - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅inflammation of the glomeruli within the kidney
Chronic Renal Failure - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅gradual and progressive loss of kidney (renal)
function
End-Stage Renal Disease - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅The final stage of kidney failure (as that resulting
from diabetes, chronic hypertension, or glomerulonephritis) that is marked by the complete or nearly
complete irreversible loss of renal function
Renal Calculi (kidney stones) - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅urine becomes concentrated resulting in
crystals
Traumatic bladder rupture - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Direct trauma to a full bladder can rupture the
bladder at its weakest part, causing urine to leak into the abdominal cavity.
Kidney Transplant - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅replacement of a diseased kidney with one that is
supplied by a compatible donor
Urge incontinence-definition - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Involuntary loss of urine alongside a strong
desire to urinate. Patient can no longer suppress signal from bladder to brain that it is time to urinate.
Urge incontinence treatment - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅prompted voiding, toilet q2h
Stress incontinence-definition - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Inability to retain urine when intra-
abdominal pressure is increased (sneezing, laughing, coughing, or aerobic exercise). Urethra cannot
tighten enough to prevent release of urine.
Stress incontinence-treatment - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Exercises to strengthen pelvic floor
muscles (Kegel exercises)
Estrogen replacement (estrogen cream)
Drug therapy
Surgical repair
Collagen injections
Functional incontinence-definition - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Caused by cognitive inability to
recognize the urge to urinate or self-care deficit caused by extreme depression. Inability to reach the
bathroom because of restraints, side rails, or an out-of-reach walker can also result in functional
incontinence.
Functional incontinence-treatment - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅home aids like bedside commodes,
education, bladder training
Overflow incontinence-definition - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Poor contractility of the detrusor muscle
or obstruction of the urethra
Overflow incontinence-cause - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅prostate hypertrophy in males or genital
prolapse in females
, Overflow incontinence-treatment - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Surgery to relieve obstruction.
Intermittent catheterization, bladder compression, drug therapy, behavioral interventions.
Neurogenic incontinence-definition - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅caused by disorders of the neurologic
system (ex. MS or spinal cord injury)
Neurogenic incontinence-treatment - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Catheterization, surgery to remove
stones/blockages, botox injections in bladder muscle
Hydronephrosis - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Urinary obstruction blocking outflow of kidney
Waste products accumulate in kidney and back up into blood
Leads to End Stage Renal Disease
Tx: Removal of obstruction
Glomerulonephritis - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅inflammation of the glomeruli within the kidney
Chronic Renal Failure - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅gradual and progressive loss of kidney (renal)
function
End-Stage Renal Disease - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅The final stage of kidney failure (as that resulting
from diabetes, chronic hypertension, or glomerulonephritis) that is marked by the complete or nearly
complete irreversible loss of renal function
Renal Calculi (kidney stones) - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅urine becomes concentrated resulting in
crystals
Traumatic bladder rupture - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Direct trauma to a full bladder can rupture the
bladder at its weakest part, causing urine to leak into the abdominal cavity.
Kidney Transplant - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅replacement of a diseased kidney with one that is
supplied by a compatible donor
