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2025 RN ADULT MED SURG A MOST TESTED QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS GRADED A+ WITH RATIONALES
1. A nurse is preparing to administer a blood transfusion to a client who has anemia. Which of
the following actions should the nurse take first?
A. Check the client’s vital signs.
B. Verify the type and number of units of blood to administer.
C. Ensure the client has an IV line with normal saline.
D. Explain the procedure to the client.
Answer: B
Rationale: Verifying the type and number of blood units ensures the correct product is
administered and prevents transfusion reactions. This action must be completed before
proceeding with the transfusion.
2. A nurse is providing teaching to an older adult female client who has stress incontinence
and a BMI of 32. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding
of the teaching?
A. "I should avoid drinking fluids after 6 PM."
B. "I will start using incontinence pads."
C. "I am dieting to lose weight."
D. "I will do sit-ups to strengthen my abdomen."
Answer: C
Rationale: Weight loss reduces abdominal pressure, alleviating stress incontinence.
3. A nurse is providing instructions to a client who has type 2 diabetes and a new prescription
for metformin. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of
the teaching?
A. "I should take this medication with a meal."
B. "I need to monitor my blood pressure regularly."
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C. "I should avoid eating carbohydrates."
D. "I will take this medication before bedtime."
Answer: A
Rationale: Taking metformin with meals reduces gastrointestinal side effects such as nausea
and diarrhea.
4. A nurse is providing teaching to a client who has chronic kidney disease and a new
prescription for erythropoietin. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an
understanding of the teaching?
A. "I need to take this medication with food."
B. "I am taking this medication to increase my energy level."
C. "This medication will help prevent my bones from breaking."
D. "I should take this medication only when my blood pressure is low."
Answer: B
Rationale: Erythropoietin stimulates red blood cell production, increasing oxygen-carrying
capacity and energy levels.
5. A nurse is caring for a client who has a prescription for enalapril. The nurse should identify
which of the following findings as an adverse effect of the medication?
A. Orthostatic hypotension
B. Tachycardia
C. Hypernatremia
D. Constipation
Answer: A
Rationale: Enalapril, an ACE inhibitor, can cause hypotension due to vasodilation.
6. A nurse is caring for a client who has hypothyroidism. Which of the following
manifestations should the nurse expect?
A. Diarrhea
B. Weight loss
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C. Insomnia
D. Constipation
Answer: D
Rationale: Hypothyroidism slows metabolism, leading to constipation and other symptoms
such as fatigue and weight gain.
7. A charge nurse is instructing a newly licensed nurse about caring for a client who has
MRSA. Which of the following statements by the new nurse indicates an understanding of the
teaching?
A. "I will use airborne precautions for this client."
B. "I will wear a surgical mask when providing care."
C. "I will leave the door to the client’s room open."
D. "I will leave assessment equipment in the room to use on this client."
Answer: D
Rationale: Dedicated equipment prevents cross-contamination and the spread of MRSA to
other clients.
8. A nurse is providing teaching to a client who has irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Which of
the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching?
A. "Avoid eating high-protein foods."
B. "Increase fiber intake to at least 30 g/day."
C. "Drink carbonated beverages with meals."
D. "Limit fluid intake to reduce bloating."
Answer: B
Rationale: A high-fiber diet helps regulate bowel movements and alleviate IBS symptoms.
9. A nurse is caring for a client who has a positive culture for Clostridioides difficile. Which of
the following actions should the nurse take?
A. Implement droplet precautions.
B. Implement contact precautions.
2025 RN ADULT MED SURG A MOST TESTED QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS GRADED A+ WITH RATIONALES
1. A nurse is preparing to administer a blood transfusion to a client who has anemia. Which of
the following actions should the nurse take first?
A. Check the client’s vital signs.
B. Verify the type and number of units of blood to administer.
C. Ensure the client has an IV line with normal saline.
D. Explain the procedure to the client.
Answer: B
Rationale: Verifying the type and number of blood units ensures the correct product is
administered and prevents transfusion reactions. This action must be completed before
proceeding with the transfusion.
2. A nurse is providing teaching to an older adult female client who has stress incontinence
and a BMI of 32. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding
of the teaching?
A. "I should avoid drinking fluids after 6 PM."
B. "I will start using incontinence pads."
C. "I am dieting to lose weight."
D. "I will do sit-ups to strengthen my abdomen."
Answer: C
Rationale: Weight loss reduces abdominal pressure, alleviating stress incontinence.
3. A nurse is providing instructions to a client who has type 2 diabetes and a new prescription
for metformin. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of
the teaching?
A. "I should take this medication with a meal."
B. "I need to monitor my blood pressure regularly."
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C. "I should avoid eating carbohydrates."
D. "I will take this medication before bedtime."
Answer: A
Rationale: Taking metformin with meals reduces gastrointestinal side effects such as nausea
and diarrhea.
4. A nurse is providing teaching to a client who has chronic kidney disease and a new
prescription for erythropoietin. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an
understanding of the teaching?
A. "I need to take this medication with food."
B. "I am taking this medication to increase my energy level."
C. "This medication will help prevent my bones from breaking."
D. "I should take this medication only when my blood pressure is low."
Answer: B
Rationale: Erythropoietin stimulates red blood cell production, increasing oxygen-carrying
capacity and energy levels.
5. A nurse is caring for a client who has a prescription for enalapril. The nurse should identify
which of the following findings as an adverse effect of the medication?
A. Orthostatic hypotension
B. Tachycardia
C. Hypernatremia
D. Constipation
Answer: A
Rationale: Enalapril, an ACE inhibitor, can cause hypotension due to vasodilation.
6. A nurse is caring for a client who has hypothyroidism. Which of the following
manifestations should the nurse expect?
A. Diarrhea
B. Weight loss
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C. Insomnia
D. Constipation
Answer: D
Rationale: Hypothyroidism slows metabolism, leading to constipation and other symptoms
such as fatigue and weight gain.
7. A charge nurse is instructing a newly licensed nurse about caring for a client who has
MRSA. Which of the following statements by the new nurse indicates an understanding of the
teaching?
A. "I will use airborne precautions for this client."
B. "I will wear a surgical mask when providing care."
C. "I will leave the door to the client’s room open."
D. "I will leave assessment equipment in the room to use on this client."
Answer: D
Rationale: Dedicated equipment prevents cross-contamination and the spread of MRSA to
other clients.
8. A nurse is providing teaching to a client who has irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Which of
the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching?
A. "Avoid eating high-protein foods."
B. "Increase fiber intake to at least 30 g/day."
C. "Drink carbonated beverages with meals."
D. "Limit fluid intake to reduce bloating."
Answer: B
Rationale: A high-fiber diet helps regulate bowel movements and alleviate IBS symptoms.
9. A nurse is caring for a client who has a positive culture for Clostridioides difficile. Which of
the following actions should the nurse take?
A. Implement droplet precautions.
B. Implement contact precautions.
